Mmse in Nursing free essay sample

A smaller than expected mental state assessment (MMSE) otherwise called the Folstein test is a concise 30-point survey test that is utilized to screen for psychological debilitation in a patient. It’s use I ordinarily in medication to screen for the nearness of dementia. For this situation I utilized it to assess the seriousness of intellectual hindrance at a given point in time and to follow the course of subjective changes in a person after some time. Capacities surveyed are normally number juggling, memory and direction (Changsu Han, 2008). I surveyed Mrs. Pandey’s condition of psychological disability utilizing the smaller than normal mental state assessment. Mrs. Pandey is a youngster experiencing numerous sclerosis. Now we accept that she has a typical psychological state and it was demonstrated right by the smaller than expected mental state assessment. After my appraisal I found that the MMSE was anything but difficult to act such that the sort of inquiries to deliver where given to me as of now, fixation was nowon compelling communicaion with Mrs. We will compose a custom exposition test on Mmse in Nursing or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Pandey and creating trust in her to respond to the inquiries as well as could be expected. To certain people it is hard to pose a portion of the inquiries , a model was the one inquiry were I needed to pose to the patient to check in reverse from 100 by 7. This was on the grounds that the patient could think that its hard to comprehend what is required by the inquiry or interprete in an alternate manner, which can influence the exactness in deciding the patient’s condition of subjective debilitation. A portion of the inquiries sounded somewhat senseless which might disturb the patient particularly when they have a typical subjective state (McMurray, A. 2005). This I thought could make mental melancholy the patient since they may feel they could be so senseless enough not to address a portion of the inquiries accurately. The preferred position in this assessment could be that no answer isn't right; it is only a method of evaluating their condition of psychological appraisal. Correspondence was very little an issue. An issue could be misconception the point or the motivation behind the assessment; I did my best I think to clarify the reason for the test. I truly didn't have to reword the majority of the inquiries since Mrs. Pandey is of an English talking foundation in this way I simply expected to state it for what it's worth. I don't think, however, that my inquiry could assist me with making a clear inference since individuals commit error regardless of whether their comprehension is typical because of tension and apprehension subsequently it is hard to make an exact determination (Galea, M. Woodward, M. 2005 ) (McMurray, A. 2005). Regarding the video, I was somewhat baffled since I was not talking uproarious enough so a portion of the things I said couldn't be heard in the video. all things considered I figure I worked superbly in speaking with the patuent, I had a significant open stance to the patient and the patient to analyst situating was flawless in that it gave the patient a condition of predominance

Psychological Theories in Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Mental Theories in Education - Essay Example Lately, the emphasis has been on making a socialization procedure which helps the amateur instructors in comprehension and applying general experiences identifying with educating and learning. In this manner, it tends to be seen that different hypothetical methodologies and practices were proposed by a few mental scholars throughout the entire existence of instruction. In the twentieth century, one most unmistakable specialist in formative brain science has been Jean Piaget (1896-1980) who was for the most part intrigued by the natural impacts on how individuals come to know or learn and viewed himself as a hereditary epistemologist. He is one of the most critical instruction scholars who has managed the intellectual just as constructivist procedures of learning and contributed vigorously to the different parts of training through his noteworthy hypotheses. The Piagetian hypothesis of subjective turn of events and constructivist learning hypothesis have both had a critical effect in the field of training. Jean Piaget is the focal benefactor of Cognitive constructivism which is for the most part dependent on his work. The two significant parts of his hypothesis are the way toward coming to know and the stages one travels through as one slowly obtains the capacity to know. In an examination of Piag... to the physical and mental improvements is of huge incentive for people to make due in any sort of condition and this procedure of adjustment joins both absorption and settlement. As indicated by Piaget, each individual holds mental structures. It is through digestion of outside occasions, and transformation of these occasions to suit one's psychological structures that one picks up the capacity to adjust to the physical and mental upgrades. Moreover, understand that the psychological structures themselves hotel to new, bizarre, and every now and again changing parts of the external condition. The second standard of Piaget, named as association, is worried about the idea of the versatile mental structures which he clarified through the primary guideline. As indicated by Piaget, the association of the psyche is in diverse and coordinated manners. It is imperative to comprehend the hypotheses of Piaget according to the psychological advancement of the kid. Piaget's hypothesis has two s ignificant parts: an ages and stages segment that predicts what kids can and can't comprehend at various ages, and a hypothesis of advancement that depicts how kids create intellectual capacities. (Cognitive Constructivist Theories). Piaget's hypothesis of subjective improvement is the significant establishment for intellectual constructivist ways to deal with educating and learning. As indicated by his hypothesis of advancement, people can't be 'given' data which they quickly comprehend and use, however rather, they should 'build' their own insight. They assemble their insight through experience which encourages them to make diagrams which can be comprehended as mental models. Through the complimentary procedures of absorption and settlement, these patterns are changed, engorged, and made progressively modern.

Warren

Warren Warren. 1 City (1990 pop. 144,864), Macomb co., SE Mich., a suburb of Detroit ; est. 1837, inc. as a city 1957. It is an important metalworking center where steel is processed. There is tool and die making and the production of automobile parts, although the auto industry has suffered since the late 1970s. Warren's vast Detroit Arsenal, which made military vehicles, closed in 1996. The U.S. Army TACOM Life Cycle Management Command is headquartered in Warren, and the large General Motors Technical Center is also there. 2 City (1990 pop. 50,793), seat of Trumbull co., NE Ohio, in the fertile Mahoning valley; settled 1799, inc. as a city 1905. An early coal center, Warren's industries have greatly diversified. Steel, metal-forming machinery, electrical equipment, lamps, and automobile and truck parts are the principal manufactures. The Trumbull campus of Kent State Univ. is in the city. 3 Borough (1990 pop. 11,122), seat of Warren co., NE Pa., on the Allegheny River; laid out c.1795, inc. 1832. An early lumbering center, Warren is in wooded country near oil and natural gas reserves. There is agriculture (grain, livestock, and dairying), food processing, and the manufacture of metal and plastic products, transportation and electronic equipment, and machinery. The headquarters of Allegheny National Forest are there. Nearby are Edinboro Univ. of Pennsylvania and a Native American reservation. 4 Town (1990 pop. 11,385), Bristol co., E R.I., a suburb of Providence on the Kickemuit River and Narragansett Bay; established as an English trading post in 1632, inc. 1747. An early whaling, shipbuilding, and textile center, it is now an industrial and resort town. Manufactures include automobile equipment, clothing, plastics, and luggage. Many fine old houses and churches survive. Warren was transferred from Massachusetts to Rhode Island in 1746. Brown Univ. was first chartered there (1764) as Rhode Island College. During the American Revolution, Warren was b urned (1778) by the British. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

Narcissuss Facebook Profile Essay - 1187 Words

In Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man, Marshall McLluhan uses the Greek myth of Narcissus as a metaphor for our inability to notice the gradual societal changes engendered by new extensions of ourselves. McLuhan writes that because â€Å"the content of any medium is always another medium† (McLuhan 8), we tend to focus on the obvious, not that the message of that medium, the â€Å"social consequences... [that]...result from the new scale that is introduced into our affairs by each extension of ourselves† (McLuhan 7). An example he uses is that the content of a novel is print, and so we focus on the plot, not the effect of the novel on society. This syndrome he terms the â€Å"Narcissus trance,† a pseudo-hypnotic state induced by using technology†¦show more content†¦An extension allows us to perform an action more frequently or process more information, meaning the stress that motivated the extension still exists. This stress â€Å"is bearable by the nervous system only through numbness or blocking of perception† – the Narcissus trance whereby we behold the extension but not its message. In McLuhan’s reading of the myth, â€Å"the image produces a generalized numbness or shock that declines recognition. Self-amputation forbids self-recognition† (McLuhan 43). This lack of self-recognition must in-turn prohibit an objective appraisal of what has been amputated. And it is the long-term effect of these amputations that is the true message of the medium – â€Å"the power of imposing its own assumption on the unwary† (McLuhan 15). That is, once in a state of perpetual somnambulism, we re-shape our lives according to the demands of the very media we create to increase our capacities. New extensions will be shaped by previous extensions in that they will further amplify the isolated functions. Each time we behold a new extension, we embrace it, and each time we autoamputate part of ourselves, our central nervous systems responds with numbness, to localize remove â€Å"the offending organ† (McLuhan 43). â€Å"It is this continuous embrace o f our own technology, in daily use† McLuhan writes, â€Å"that puts us in the Narcissus role† and prohibits us from seeing how any new extension is a

Essay about Paine and Burke - 1644 Words

HOW FAR DO POLITICAL PHILOSOPHIES OF EITHER HOBBES AND LOCKE OR PAINE AND BURKE DIFFER. This essay will examine the philosophical difference between Edmund Burke and Thomas Paine relating to the French and American Revolutions at the late Eighteenth Century. We are going to present a summary of the debate between these two different philosophers in the first part of this essay. The pros and cons of each man will be looked at in the second and third part of the essay and the final part of this essay will explain why Thomas Paines view was more accepted and legitimate in America than Edmund Burke. In summary this essay will compare and contrast both Paine and Burke views of natural rights, human nature and the government. Burke and†¦show more content†¦Burke also argued against natural rights and explained a custom and practice that develops relation between the government and people. Paine believed in equality and criticised the monarch being chosen by the hereditary succession and by the choice of the people. He wanted the British Constitution to be written because he saw it as not right, and it was brought in during the Glorious Revolution in 1688. According to Burke, there is no natural right for people to choose their governors thus this right is just to degrade the state and bring it lower. Burke did not believe in democracy in any shape or form and saw human rights as being given to you traditionally. For Burke there is no such a thing like equality because some people will always be on the top and others in the bottom and any attempt to change will result in revolution like what happened in France. He argued against the rising ignorance among the people and the importance of education and the tradition being kept. Paine being an egalitarian disagreed with Burke once again, because he saw social contract as consent between the people rather than government and emphasised on non-educated not necessarily stupid as Burke saw them. They have views and being educated will help them do better. Paine believed in ordinary people being given a chance to play political role in society. In addition he believed in the Rights of Man for everybody and everyone have should have the rightShow MoreRelatedThomas Paine vs. Edmund Burke Essay854 Words   |  4 Pagesof their political views. Thomas Paine took the side of the French, opposing his own country, because he believed in a system where people can govern themselves. Edmund Burke took the side of the English because he was supporting his country and believed in a system where there needs to be a higher power to keep people in their place. Thomas Paine was a radical in the way he thought and believed in a total reform of the way people were living at that time. Burke was a Conservative and believed thatRead MoreThe View Of Human Nature : Thomas Paine And Edmund Burke930 Words   |  4 Pagesconstantly being used in the European Middle Ages to describe the view of human nature for Thomas Paine and Edmund Burke. Although both authors have differing views of what it means to be free and equal, they also show differences in their attitude against the type of government within society. With so many differences of opinions between these authors it seems as if there is not much common ground. For Thomas Paine, his ideas center on the fact of every man being equal, God would not want his followers toRead MoreEdmund Burke and Thomas Paine: A Comparative Analysis of Their Views on the French Revolution913 Words   |  4 PagesEdmund Burke and Thomas Paine differed strongly on their views of the French revolution and the wisdom of the proceedings of the French National Assembly in 1789-90. In his book Reflections on the Revolution in France t he conservative Edmund Burke argued that the concept of universal human rights that applied internationally across all societies was a meaningless abstraction that was subversive of social order, while in The Rights of Man the radical democrat Thomas Paine insisted that all human beingsRead More Edmund Burke and Thomas Paines Views on the French Revolution645 Words   |  3 PagesEdmund Burke and Thomas Paines Views on the French Revolution Edmund Burke and Thomas Paine were two of the several strongly-opinionated individuals writing back-and-forth in response to what the others were saying about the French Revolution. Burke, a critic, writes first. Paine, a supporter, responds. In the excerpt from Reflections on the Revolution in France, Burke argues in favor of King Louis XVI and his wife, Marie Antoinette. When Marie was murdered, Burke says, â€Å"As aRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1336 Words   |  6 Pagesincluding that of Queen Marie Antoinette and her husband King Louis XVI, it was also a time of great political turmoil which would turn man against man that being the case of Edmond Burke and Thomas Paine. Edmond Burke a traditionalist who believed the people should be loyal to the king against his former friend, Thomas Paine a free thinker who believed in order for things to improve one has to have some sort of change. In a time where it seemed as though things changed over-night the only question isRead MoreThe French Revolution By Edmund Burke Essay1538 Words   |  7 Pageskilling of thousands of people, were actually necessary. The outcome of the French Revolution did not immediately bring about the destruction of the monarc hy and financial prosperity amongst the lower class. Renown critic of the Revolution, Edmund Burke, discusses his distaste for the manners in how the French people violently handled the circumstances they were in through his writing of Reflections on the French Revolution. Contrary to the beliefs of those more conservative, the country’s rewardsRead MoreThomas Paine : Towards An Independent Nation1718 Words   |  7 PagesThomas Paine: Towards an Independent Nation Thomas Paine is most known for his influence in the freedom loving American colonies. With his excellent use of rhetoric and his charisma, he quickly began to gain followers. In his writings, such as Common Sense, The Rights of Man, and The Age of Reason, he used these skills to call the Americans to action. Thomas Paine influenced American society and literature with his argumentative pamphlets and influential writings which inspired AmericansRead MoreThe Man Of The Modern Conservatism889 Words   |  4 Pages Burke, the father of the modern conservatism, is well known for his criticism, or contempt of the French Revolution; assuming so, it is not hard to doubt that he in fact sympathized with the American cause. If he is the true father of the conservatism, then the reader may be surprised to hear that he sided with the colonists; however, his decision makes a sense if we acknowledge that Burke regarded the American Revolution as a revolution that is not too far apart from that o f the Glorious RevolutionRead MorePoverty And Poverty1081 Words   |  5 Pagesthis type of dispute is the French Revolution. The French Revolution sparked country across Europe and the world, giving rise to the formation of new political opinion of the poor. Famous authors and politicians during the time, like Thomas Paine and Edmund Burke, sparked an emergence of differing opinions from those commonly held prior to the revolution on the topics of human nature’s impact on poverty and original sin. In today’s day and age, this difference of opinion is still prevalent within mainstreamRead MoreComplications Of The French Revolution1364 Words   |  6 Pagesmonarchy all together. Even Edmund Burke, who became one of the strongest adversaries to the Revolution said I shall Rejoice in seeing such a happy order establish’d in France as much as I do in my consciousness that an order of the same kind, †¦ has been long settled, and I hope on a firm foundation in England. However, this only lasted for a few months as his reservations about the Revolution grew with the increasing violence and radicalisation in France. Burke began to worry that the Revolutionary

The Vampire Diaries The Struggle Chapter Seven Free Essays

string(101) " can be any animal he likes, how will we ever recognize him\?† â€Å"Not any animal he likes\." â€Å"Next time,† Stefan said quietly, â€Å"I won’t leave.† Elena knew he meant it, and it terrified her. But just now her emotions were quietly coasting in neutral, and she didn’t want to argue. We will write a custom essay sample on The Vampire Diaries: The Struggle Chapter Seven or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"He was there,† she said. â€Å"Inside an ordinary house full of ordinary people, just as if he had every right to be. I wouldn’t have thought he would dare.† â€Å"Why not?† Stefan said briefly, bitterly. â€Å"I was there in a ordinary house full of ordinary people, just as if I had every right to be.† â€Å"I didn’t mean that the way it sounded. It’s just that the only other time I’ve seen him in public was at the Haunted House when he was wearing a mask and costume, and it was dark. Before that it was always somewhere deserted, like the gym that night I was there alone, or the graveyard†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She knew as soon as she said that last part that it was a mistake. She still hadn’t told Stefan about going to find Damon three days ago. In the driver’s seat, he stiffened. â€Å"Or the graveyard?† â€Å"Yes†¦ I meant that day Bonnie and Meredith and I got chased out. I’m assuming it must have been Damon who chased us. And the place was deserted except for the three of us.† Why was she lying to him? Because, a small voice in her head answered grimly, otherwise he might snap. Knowing what Damon had said to her, what he had promised was in store, might be all that was needed to send Stefan over the edge. Then he’ll never know, she promised herself. No matter what I have to do, I’ll keep them from fighting each other over me. No matter what. For a moment, apprehension chilled her. Five hundred years ago, Katherine had tried to keep them from fighting, and had succeeded only in forcing them into a death match. Butshe wouldn’t make the same mistake, Elena told herself fiercely. Katherine’s methods had been stupid and childish. Who else but a stupid child would kill herself in the hope that the two rivals for her hand would become friends? It had been the worst mistake of the whole sorry affair. Because of it, the rivalry between Stefan and Damon had turned into implacable hatred. And what’s more, Stefan had lived with the guilt of it ever since; he blamed himself for Katherine’s stupidity and weakness. Groping for another subject, she said, â€Å"Do you think someone invited him in?† â€Å"Obviously, since hewas in.† â€Å"Then it’s true about – people like you. You have to be invited in. But Damon got into the gym without an invitation.† â€Å"That’s because the gym isn’t a dwelling place for the living. That’s the one criterion. It doesn’t matter if it’s a house or a tent or an apartment above a store. If living humans eat and sleep there, we need to be invited inside.† â€Å"But I didn’t invite you intomy house.† â€Å"Yes, you did. That first night, when I drove you home, you pushed the door open and nodded to me. It doesn’t have to be a verbal invitation. If the intent is there, that’s enough. And the person inviting you doesn’t have to be someone who actually lives in the house. Any human will do.† Elena was thinking. â€Å"What about a houseboat?† â€Å"Same thing. Although running water can be a barrier in itself. For some of us, it’s almost impossible to cross.† Elena had a sudden vision of herself and Meredith and Bonnie racing for Wickery Bridge. Because somehow she had known that if they got to the other side of the river they’d be safe from whatever was after them. â€Å"Sothat’s why,† she whispered. It still didn’t explain how she’d known, though. It was as if the knowledge had been put into her head from some outside source. Then she realized something else. â€Å"You took me across the bridge. You can cross running water.† â€Å"That’s because I’m weak.† It was said flatly, with no emotion behind it. â€Å"It’s ironic, but the stronger your Powers are, the more you’re affected by certain limitations. The more you belong to the dark, the more the rules of the dark bind you.† Stefan looked at her. â€Å"Yes,† he said, â€Å"I think it’s time you knew. The more you know about Damon, the more chance you’ll have of protecting yourself.† Of protecting herself? Perhaps Stefan knew more than she thought. But as he turned the car onto a side street and parked, she just said, â€Å"Okay. Should I be stocking up on garlic?† He laughed. â€Å"Only if you want to be unpopular. There are certain plants, though, that might help you. Like vervain. That’s an herb that’s supposed to protect you against bewitchment, and it can keep your mind clear even if someone is using Powers against you. People used to wear it around their necks. Bonnie would love it; it was sacred to the Druids.† â€Å"Vervain,† said Elena, tasting the unfamiliar word. â€Å"What else?† â€Å"Strong light, or direct sunlight, can be very painful. You’ll notice the weather’s changed.† â€Å"I’ve noticed,† said Elena after a beat. â€Å"You mean Damon’s doing that?† â€Å"He must be. It takes enormous power to control the elements, but it makes it easy for him to travel in daylight. As long as he keeps it cloudy, he doesn’t even need to protect his eyes.† â€Å"And neither do you,† Elena said. â€Å"What about – well, crosses and things?† â€Å"No effect,† said Stefan. â€Å"Except that if the person holding onebelieves it’s a protection, it can strengthen their will to resist tremendously.† â€Å"Uh†¦ silver bullets?† Stefan laughed again shortly. â€Å"That’s for werewolves. From what I’ve heard they don’t like silver in any form. A wooden stake through the heart is still the approved method for my kind. There are other ways that are more or less effective, though: burning, beheading, driving nails through the temples. Or, best of all – â€Å" â€Å"Stefan!† The lonely, bitter smile on his face dismayed her. â€Å"What about changing into animals?† she said. â€Å"Before, you said that with enough Power you could do that. If Damon can be any animal he likes, how will we ever recognize him?† â€Å"Not any animal he likes. He’s limited to one animal, or at the most two. Even with his Powers I don’t think he could sustain any more than that.† â€Å"So we keep looking out for a crow.† â€Å"Right. You may be able to tell if he’s around, too, by looking at regular animals. They usually don’t react very well to us; they sense that we’re hunters.† â€Å"Yangtze kept barking at that crow. It was as if he knew there was something wrong about it,† Elena remembered. â€Å"Ah†¦ Stefan,† she added in a changed tone as a new thought struck her, â€Å"what about mirrors? I don’t remember ever seeing you in one.† There was nothing to do but hold on to him, and Elena did. â€Å"I love you,† she whispered. It was the only comfort she could give him. It was all they had. His arms tightened around her; his face was buried in her hair. â€Å"You’re the mirror,† he whispered back. It was good to feel him relax, tension flowing out of his body as warmth and comfort flowed in. She was comforted, too, a sense of peace infusing her, surrounding her. It was so good that she forgot to ask him what he meant until they were at her front door, saying good-bye. â€Å"I’m the mirror?† she said then, looking up at him. â€Å"You’ve stolen my soul,† he said. â€Å"Lock the door behind you, and don’t open it again tonight.† Then he was gone. â€Å"Elena, thank heavens,† said Aunt Judith. When Elena stared at her, she added, â€Å"Bonnie called from the party. She said you’d left unexpectedly, and when you didn’t come home I was worried.† â€Å"Stefan and I went for a ride.† Elena didn’t like the expression on her aunt’s face when she said that. â€Å"Is there a problem?† â€Å"No, no. It’s just†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Aunt Judith didn’t seem to know how to finish her sentence. â€Å"Elena, I wonder if it might be a good idea to†¦ not see quite so much of Stefan.† Elena went still. â€Å"You, too?† â€Å"It isn’t that I believe the gossip,† Aunt Judith assured her. â€Å"But, for your own sake, it might be best to get a little distance from him, to – â€Å" â€Å"To dump him? To abandon him because people are spreading rumors about him? To keep myself away from the mudslinging in case any of it sticks on me?† Anger was a welcome release, and the words crowded in Elena’s throat, all trying to get out at once. â€Å"No, Idon’t think that’s a good idea, Aunt Judith. And if it were Robert we were talking about, you wouldn’t either. Or maybe you would!† â€Å"Elena, I will not have you speaking to me in that tone – â€Å" â€Å"I’m finished anyway!† Elena cried, and whirled blindly for the stairs. She managed to keep the tears back until she was in her own room with the door locked. Then she threw herself on the bed and sobbed. She dragged herself up a while later to call Bonnie. Bonnie was excited and voluble. What on earth did Elena mean, had anything unusual happened after she and Stefan left? The unusual thing was their leaving! No, that new guy Damon hadn’t said anything about Stefan afterward; he’d just hung around for a while and then disappeared. No, Bonnie hadn’t seen if he left with anybody. Why? Was Elena jealous? Yes, Elena immediately deduced that Alaric Saltzman’s eyes were hazel. She got off the phone at last and only then remembered the note she’d found in her purse. She should have asked Bonnie if anyone had gone near her purse while she was in the dining room. But then, Bonnie and Meredith had been in the dining room part of the time themselves. Someone might have done it then. The very sight of the violet paper made her taste tin at the back of her mouth. She could hardly bear to look at it. But now that she was alone shehad to unfold it and read it again, all the time hoping that somehow this time the words might be different, that she might have been mistaken before. But they weren’t different. The sharp, clean block letters stood out against the pale background as if they were ten feet high. I want to touch him. More than any boy I’ve ever known. And I know he wants it, too, but he’s holding back on me. Her words. From her diary. The one that had been stolen. The next day Meredith and Bonnie rang her doorbell. â€Å"Stefan called me last night,† said Meredith. â€Å"He said he wanted to make sure you weren’t walking to school alone. He’s not going to be at school today, so he asked if Bonnie and I could come over and walk with you. â€Å"Escort you,† said Bonnie, who was clearly in a good mood. â€Å"Chaperone you. I think it’s terribly sweet of him to be so protective.† â€Å"He’s probably an Aquarius, too,† said Meredith. â€Å"Come on, Elena, before I kill her to shut her up about Alaric.† Elena walked in silence, wondering what Stefan was doing that kept him from school. She felt vulnerable and exposed today, as if her skin were on inside out. One of those days when she was ready to cry at the drop of a hat. On the office bulletin board was tacked a piece of violet paper. She should have known. Shehad known somewhere deep inside. The thief wasn’t satisfied with letting her know her private words had been read. He was showing her they could be made public. She ripped the note off the board and crumpled it, but not before she glimpsed the words. In one glance they were seared onto her brain. I feel as if someone has hurt him terribly in the past and he’s never gotten over it. But I also think there’s something he’s afraid of, some secret he’s afraid I’ll find out. â€Å"Elena, what is that? What’s the matter? Elena, come back here!† â€Å"Okay,† said Meredith loudly, â€Å"senior privilege. You!† She rapped on the only closed door. â€Å"Come out.† Some rustling, then a bewildered freshman emerged. â€Å"But I didn’t even – â€Å" â€Å"Out. Outside,† Bonnie ordered. â€Å"Andyou ,† she said to the girl washing her hands, â€Å"stand out there and make sure nobody comes in.† â€Å"But why? What are you – â€Å" â€Å"Move, chick. If anybody comes through that door we’re holding you responsible.† When the door was closed again, they rounded on Elena. â€Å"Okay, this is a stickup,† said Meredith. â€Å"Come on, Elena, give.† Elena ripped the last tiny shred of paper, caught between laughter and tears. She wanted to tell them everything, but she couldn’t. She settled for telling them about the diary. They were as angry, as indignant, as she was. â€Å"It had to be someone at the party,† Meredith said at last, once they had each expressed their opinion of the thief’s character, morals, and probable destination in the afterlife. â€Å"But anybody there could have done it. I don’t remember anyone in particular going near your purse, but that room was wall-to-wall people, and it could have happened without my noticing.† â€Å"But why would anyonewant to do this?† Bonnie put in. â€Å"Unless†¦ Elena, the night we found Stefan you were hinting around at some things. You said you thought you knew who the killer was.† â€Å"I don’t think I know; Iknow. But if you’re wondering if this might be connected, I’m not sure. I suppose it could be. The same person might have done it.† Bonnie was horrified. â€Å"But that means the killer is a student at this school!† When Elena shook her head, she went on. â€Å"The only people at that party who weren’t students were that new guy and Alaric.† Her expression changed. â€Å"Alaric didn’t kill Mr. Tanner! He wasn’t even in Fell’s Church then.† â€Å"I know. Alaric didn’t do it.† She’d gone too far to stop now; Bonnie and Meredith already knew too much. â€Å"Damon did.† â€Å"That guy was thekiller ? The guy thatkissed me?† â€Å"Bonnie, calm down.† As always, other people’s hysteria made Elena feel more in control. â€Å"Yes, he’s the killer, and we all three have to be on guard against him. That’s why I’m telling you. Never, never ask him into your house.† Elena stopped, regarding the faces of her friends. They were staring at her, and for a moment she had the sickening feeling that they didn’t believe her. That they were going to question her sanity. â€Å"Yes. I’m sure. He’s the murderer and the one who put Stefan in the well, and he might be after one of us next. And I don’t know if there’s any way to stop him.† â€Å"Well, then,† said Meredith, lifting her eyebrows. â€Å"No wonder you and Stefan were in such a hurry to leave the party.† Caroline gave Elena a vicious smirk as Elena walked into the cafeteria. But Elena was almost beyond noticing. One thing she noticed right away, though. Vickie Bennett was there. Vickie hadn’t been to school since the night Matt and Bonnie and Meredith had found her wandering on the road, raving about mist and eyes and something terrible in the graveyard. The doctors who checked her afterward said there was nothing much wrong with her physically, but she still hadn’t returned to Robert E. Lee. People whispered about psychologists and the drug treatments they were trying. She didn’t look crazy, though, Elena thought. She looked pale and subdued and sort of crumpled into her clothing. And when Elena passed her and she looked up, her eyes were like a startled fawn’s. It was strange to sit at a half-empty table with only Bonnie and Meredith for company. Usually people were crowding to get seats around the three of them. â€Å"We didn’t finish talking this morning,† Meredith said. â€Å"Get something to eat, and then we’ll figure out what to do about those notes.† â€Å"I’m not hungry,† said Elena flatly. â€Å"And whatcan we do? If it’s Damon, there’s no way we can stop him. Trust me, it’s not a matter for the police. That’s why I haven’t told them he’s the killer. There isn’t any proof, and besides, they would never†¦ Bonnie, you’re not listening.† â€Å"Sorry,† said Bonnie, who was staring past Elena’s left ear. â€Å"But something weird is going on up there.† Elena turned. Vickie Bennett was standing at the front of the cafeteria, but she no longer seemed crumpled and subdued. She was looking around the room in a sly and assessing manner, smiling. â€Å"Well, she doesn’t look normal, but I wouldn’t say she was beingweird , exactly,† Meredith said. Then she added, â€Å"Wait a minute.† Vickie was unbuttoning her cardigan. But it was theway she was doing it – with deliberate little flicks of her fingers, all the while looking around with that secretive smile – that was odd. When the last button was undone, she took the sweater daintily between forefinger and thumb and slid it down over first one arm and then the other. She dropped the sweater on the floor. â€Å"Weird is the word,† confirmed Meredith. Students crossing in front of Vickie with laden trays glanced at her curiously and then looked back over their shoulders when they had passed. They didn’t actually stop walking, though, until she took off her She did it gracefully, catching the heel of one pump on the toe of the other and pushing it off. Then she kicked off the second pump. â€Å"She can’t keep going,† murmured Bonnie, as Vickie’s fingers moved to the simulated pearl buttons on her white silk blouse. Heads were turning; people were poking one another and gesturing. Around Vickie a small group had gathered, standing far enough back that they didn’t interfere with everyone else’s view. The white silk blouse rippled off, fluttering like a wounded ghost to the floor. Vickie was wearing a lacy off-white slip underneath. There was no longer any sound in the cafeteria except the sibilance of whispers. No one was eating. The group around Vickie had gotten larger. Vickie smiled demurely and began to unfasten clasps at her waist. Her pleated skirt fell to the floor. She stepped out of it and pushed it to one side with her foot. Somebody stood up at the back of the cafeteria and chanted, â€Å"Take itoff! Take itoff!† Other voices joined in. â€Å"Isn’t anybody going to stop her?† fumed Bonnie. Elena got up. The last time she’d gone near Vickie the other girl had screamed and struck out at her. But now, as she got close, Vickie gave her the smile of a conspirator. Her lips moved, but Elena couldn’t make out what she was saying over the chanting. â€Å"Come on, Vickie. Let’s go,† she said. Vickie’s light brown hair tossed and she plucked at the strap of her slip. Elena stooped to pick up the cardigan and wrap it around the girl’s slender shou lders. As she did, as she touched Vickie, those half-closed eyes opened wide like a startled fawn’s again. Vickie stared about her wildly, as if she’d just been awakened from a dream. She looked down at herself and her expression turned to disbelief. Pulling the cardigan around her more tightly, she backed away, shivering. The room was quiet again. â€Å"It’s okay,† said Elena soothingly. â€Å"Come on.† At the sound of her voice, Vickie jumped as if touched by a live wire. She stared at Elena, and then she exploded into action. â€Å"You’re one of them! I saw you! You’re evil!† She turned and ran barefoot out of the cafeteria, leaving Elena stunned. How to cite The Vampire Diaries: The Struggle Chapter Seven, Essay examples

The Historiographical Essay Criteria june18 (3) Essays -

The Historiographical Essay: G uidelines and Requirements A historiographical essay is one in which the essayist analyzes works of history in terms of their intent, success, and failure as works of history according to accepted disciplinary criteria. For the purposes of my courses, I have adapted five criteria long used by a scholarly journal in its instructions to those who reviewed new books for that journal. These are the criteria which you must understand and use for success in this part of your coursework: 1. The author's purpose: what did the work's author intend and how successful was the author in fulfilling that intention? If your assignment calls for reviewing several authors , all working on one subject, how useful was the author's work in terms of the subject? If your assignment calls for reviewing two or more authors, each working on a different subject, how useful was the author's work in terms of that particular subject? 2. The author's sources: did the author make good use of adequate sources? To support your conclusion in this regard, please list the types of sources the author used (such a list might be as follows: a broad range of secondary sources, correspondence, periodical accounts from the time, memoirs of participants, contemporary government reports). The issue of an adequate source has to do with sources which make sense in terms of what the historian is arguing; if, for example, s/he is writing about the intentions of policymakers or of slaves, s/he should have correspondence from those policymakers or memoirs or oral history or police records reflecting the ideas of the slaves. We want the historian to have gotten as close to the events and participants as the available evidence will allow. That is why we tend to prefer primary sources to secondary sources. Generally, a primary source is one close to the reality at issue, such as contemporary official documents, publications, and (official or private) correspondence, or eye-witness or participant accounts. Generally, a secondary source is an analysis and/or narrative based on primary sources, such as a study written after the events took place by a non-participant, such as a scholarly monograph or articl e. For example, what you will be reading as you do your work on this paper are secondary sources. 3. The author's bias: did the author's inevitable prejudices clearly distort the account and analysis, or did the author successfully present a reasonably balanced work of scholarship? This is a controversial area in academic circles today, because few believe objectivity is possible. However, most practicing historians believe it is important to approximate objectivity through a dispassionate, reasoned argument and analysis based on primary-source evidence and a careful sifting of secondary sources. We tend to criticize colleagues who fail in this regard. Bias might be thought of in two different forms: bias by omission (in which the historian through poor research fails to examine all the evidence relevant to the issue) and bias by commission (in which the historian attempts to sway the reader by presenting evidence which only supports his/her position, or by presenting evidence from various points of view but in a way which favors his/her position, or, again, by reaching conc lusions based on his/her position without regard to evidence to the contrary). Often, a poor historian will mingle the two kinds of bias . Many historians believe that a historian who makes his/her personal position obvious but nonetheless clearly tries to present the evidence in a balanced fashion cannot be said to have failed; others continue to maintain that the tone and presentation of the historian should suggest a dispassionate, non-partisan approach. Your task is to decide if you can detect one or more biases on the part of the historian and if the bias in question has undermined the credibility of the historian's work. This task is the critical one. If you cannot determine a bias, you must at least state as much, so that it is clear that you reviewed the author's work with this in mind. 4. The author's contribution . If you are reviewing a number of works on the same subject, d oes the work you are discussing provide readers with something important and

Open Flow Essays

Open Flow Essays Open Flow Essay Open Flow Essay Load Balancing Surya Prateek Surampalli Information Technology Department, Southern Polytechnic State University [emailprotected] edu Abstract- in high-traffic Internet today, it is often desirable to have multiple servers that represent a single logical destination server to share the load. A typical configuration comprises multiple servers behind a load balancer that would determine which server would serve the request of a client. Such equipment is expensive, has a rigid set of rules, and is a single point of failure.In this paper, I propose an idea and design for an alternative load-balancing architecture with the help of an OpenFlow switch connected to a NOX controller that gains political flexibility, less expensive, and has the potential to be more robust to failure with future generations of switches I. Introduction In today’s increasingly internet-based cloud services, a client sends a request to URL or a logical server and receives a response from a potentially multiple servers acts as a logical address server.Google server is said to be the best example, the request is sent to server farm as soon as the client resolves the IP address from the URL [1]. Load balancers are expensive that acts as a reverse proxy and distributes network or application traffic across a number of servers. Load balancers are used to increase capacity (concurrent users) and reliability of applications. They improve the overall performance of applications by decreasing the burden on servers associated with managing and maintaining application and network sessions, as well as by performing application-specific tasks [1].Since load balancers are not basic equipment and run custom software, policies are rigid in their choices. Specific administrators are required and also the arbitrary policies are not possible to implement. Since running policy and the switch are connected it is reduced to a single point of failure [2]. The order of magnitude will cost less than a commercial load-balancer if architecture with an OpenFlow switch is implemented which is controlled by the commodity server and also provides flexibility for writing patterns which allow the controller to be applied arbitrary political [1].If the next generation of OpenFlow switches has the capability of connecting to multiple controllers, there is a chance of making the system much robust to abortion by keeping the any serv er behind the which that acts as the controller [1]. II. Background A. Load Balancing Load balancing helps make networks more efficient. It distributes the processing and traffic evenly across a network, making sure no single device is overwhelmed [1]. Web servers, as in the example above, often use load balancing to evenly split the traffic load among several different servers.This allows them to use the available bandwidth more effectively, and therefore provides faster access to the websites they host [3]. Whether load balancing is done on a local network or a large Web server, it requires hardware or software that divides incoming traffic among the available servers. Networks that receive high amounts of traffic may even have one or more servers dedicated to balancing the load among the other servers and devices in the network. These servers are often called (not surprisingly) load balancers [1].Load balancing can be performed using dedicated hardware devices such as load balanc ers or having intelligent DNS servers. A DNS server can redirect traffic data centre with a heavy load or redirect requests made by customers for a data centre that is less network stretches from clients. Many data centres use of expensive hardware load balancing equipment that makes in distributing the network traffic across multiple machines to avoid congestion on a server. A DNS server resolves a hostname to a single IP address where the client sends the request. To the outside world there is a logical address that resolves a host name [3].This IP address is not associated with a single machine, but is the type of service a client request. DNS can resolve a host name to a load balancer within a data centre. But this could be avoided for safety reasons and to avoid attacks on the device. When a client request comes to the load balancer, the request is redirected according to the policy. B. OpenFlow Switch An OpenFlow switch is a software program or hardware device that forwards pa ckets in a software-defined networking (SDN) environment. OpenFlow switches are either based on the OpenFlow protocol or compatible with it [1].In a conventional switch, packet forwarding (the data plane) and high-level routing (the control plane) occur on the same device. In software-defined networking, the data plane is decoupled from the control plane. The data plane is still implemented in the switch itself but the control plane is implemented in software and a separate SDN controller makes high-level routing decisions. The switch and controller communicate by means of the OpenFlow protocol. The OpenFlow switch on the other hand uses an external controller called NOX to add rules into its flow table. C. NOX ControllerNOX is a network control platform, that provides a high-level programmatic interface upon which network management and control applications can be built. In brevity, NOX is an OpenFlow controller [3]. Therefore, NOX applications mainly assert flow-level control of t he network meaning that they determine how each flow is routed or not routed in the network. The OpenFlow switch is connected to the NOX controller and communicates over a secure channel using the OpenFlow protocol. The current design of OpenFlow only allows one NOX controller per switch. The NOX controller decides how packets of a new flow should be handled by the switch.When new flows arrive at the switch, the packet gets redirected to the NOX controller which then decides whether the switch should drop the packet or forward it to a machine connected to the switch. The NOX controller can also delete or modify existing flow entries in the switch. The NOX controller can execute modules that describe how a new flow should be handled. This provides us an interface to write C++ modules that dynamically add or delete routing rules into the switch and can use different policies for handling flows. D. Flow Table A flow table entry of an OpenFlow switch consists of a header fields, counter s and actions.Each flow table entry stores Ethernet, IP and TCP/UDP header information. This information includes destination/source MAC and IP address and source/destination TCP/UDP port numbers. Each flow table entry also maintains a counter of number of packets, and bytes arrived per flow. A flow table entry can also have one or more action fields that describe how the switch will handle packets that match the flow entry. Some of the actions include sending the packet on all output ports, forwarding the packet on an output port of a particular machine and modifying packet headers (Ethernet, IP and TCP/UDP header).If a flow entry does not have any actions, then the switch drops all packets for the particular flow. Each Flow entry also has an expiration time after which the flow entry is deleted from the flow table. This expiration time is based on the number of seconds a flow was idle and the total amount the time (in seconds) the flow entry has been in the flow table. The NOX con troller can chose a flow entry to exist permanently in the flow table or can set timers which delete the flow entry when the timer expires. III. Load-Balancer DesignLoad balancing architecture comprises an OpenFlow switch with a control device of NOX and server machines connected to output ports of the switch server. The OpenFlow switch uses an interface to connect to the Internet. Each server has a static IP address and NOX controller maintains a list of currently connected to the OpenFlow switch servers. Each server is running web server emulation on a well known port. [pic] Figure1. Load-balancer architecture using OpenFlow switch and NOX controller The hostname of server to IP address is resolved by each client and a request is sent to that IP address on the known port number.If you consider the above diagram, when a packet is reached to the switch from the client, the header information of the packet is compared with the entries of the flow table. If the header information of t he packet corresponds to an inlet of the flow, the counter for the number of packets, the byte count is incremented, and the actions associated with the input of the flow are performed on the packet. If no match is found, the switch forwards the packet to NOX. NOX decides how the packet for this flow should be handled by the switch. NOX and then inserts a new article in the cash flow of the switch using the OpenFlow protocol.To achieve load-balancing features, the modules should be written in C++ that is executed by NOX controller. NOX should perform the function of handle () when a new flow arrives at the switch. This function sets the load balancing policy and adds new rules in the flow table of the switch. All client requests should be destined for the same IP address, then whatever the module is executed by NOX, should add rules for each flow which can modify the destination MAC and IP address of the packet with a server’s MAC and IP address. The switch will forward the p acket to the server output port after modifying the packet header.When servers return a packet to the client, the module adds an entry flow that changes the source IP address with the IP address of the host that the client sends its request. So the client should always receive packets from the same IP address. If the client connection / server connection is closed or remains idle for 10 seconds, then the inactivity timer expires causing the input stream to be deleted from the cash flow of the switch. This allows input stream recycling Servers wait for a NOX to register and then report their current load on some schedule similar to the Listener Pattern.NOX in a separate thread listening on a UDP socket for heartbeats with reported by server loads and maintains a table with the current loads of all servers. When applying for a new stream is received, it chooses the server with the lowest and the load current increases to the low current server. This prevents flow of all flows routed t o the same server as the server reports a new load. It also breaks ties by turning it into a round robin until the servers report their actual load heartbeat. Flow Algorithm Require: Flow, path 1: sourceHost = LocateSource(flow); 2: destinationHost = LocateDestination(flow); : layer = setToplayer(); 4: currentSwitch = LocateCurrentSwitch(); 5: direction = 1; //upward 6: path = null; //list of switches 7: return search (); This algorithm works as follows. When the OpenFlow controller receives a packet from a switch, it switches the control to the load balancer. Line 1 to 6 introduces the initialization for necessary variables. The load balancer ? rstly analyses the packet’s match information including the input port on the switch that receives the packet as well as the packet’s source address and destination address. Then it looks up those addresses using its knowledge about the network topology.Once the source and destination hosts are located, the load balancer calcul ates the top layer that the ? ow needs to access. We use the search direction ? ag. The ? ag has two values: 1 for upward and 0 for downward. It is initialized to 1. A path is created for saving a route grouped by a list of switches later. Line 7 calls search () that performs the search for paths recursively. In the method search (), It ? rstly adds current switch into path. It returns the path if current search reaches the bottom layer. It reverses the search direction if current search reaches the top layer.Then it calls a method 1: search () { 2: path. add(curSwitch); 4: if isBottomLayer(curSwitch) then 5: return path; 6: end if 7: if curSwitch. getLayer ( ) == layer then 8: direction = 0; //reverse 9: end if 10: links = findLinks(curSwitch, direction); 11: link = findWorstFitLink(links); 12: curSwitch = findNextSwitch(link); 13: return search (); 14:} that returns all links on current switch that are towards current search direction. Only one link is chosen by picking up the wor st-? t link with maximum available bandwidth. And then the current switch object is updated.The method search () is called recursively layer by layer from the source to destination. At last the path will be return to the load balancer. The path information will be used for updating ? ow tables of those switches in the path. Flow Scheduling The Flow scheduling functionality works as follows. Each OpenFlow switch maintains its own ? ow table. Whenever any packet comes in, the switch checks the packet’s match information with the entries in its ? ow table. The packet’s match information includes ingressPort, etherType, srcMac, dstMac, vlanID, srcIP, dstIP, IP protocol, T CP/UDP srcPort, TCP/UDP dstPort.If it ? nds a match, it will send out the packet to the corresponding port. Otherwise it will encapsulate the packet in a PACKET IN message and send the message to the controller. As a module of the OpenFlow controller, the load balancer will handle the PACKET IN message. I t ? nds a proper path by executing a search with the DLB algorithm described in Algorithm 1. The path is a list of switches from source to destination of the packet. Then the load balancer creates one FLOW MOD message for each switch in the path and sends it to the switch.This message will have the packet’s match information as well as a output port number on that switch. The output port number is directly calculated by the path and network topology. If one switch receives a FLOW MOD message, it will use it to update its ? ow table accordingly. Those packets buffered on ports of that switch may ? nd their matches in the updated ? ow table and be sent out. Otherwise the switch will repeat this process. IV. Future Work The OpenFlow specification includes an optional feature that would allow multiple NOXs to make active connections to the switch.In the case then of the NOX failing, another machine could assume the role of the NOX and continue routing traffic. Naturally the syste m would need to detect the failure, have a mechanism to remember any state associated with the current policy, and all servers would have to agree on who the new NOX was. These requirements naturally lend themselves to the Paxos consensus algorithm in which policy and leader elections can be held and preserved with provable progress [3]. We have implemented Paxos in another research project and could add it to our server implementation at the controller/signaler layer.As long as at least half of the nodes in the cluster stay up, state will be preserved and traffic should continue to flow. V. Conclusion It is possible to achieve similar functionality to a commercial load balancer switches using only physical commodities. The OpenFlow switch provides the flexibility to implement the arbitrary policy in software and politics separate the switch itself. Since the policy is decoupled from the switch, we can avoid the machine implementation of the policy of a single point of failure and t he creation of a more robust system. References [1] OpenFlow Switch Specification.Version 0. 8. 9 (Wire Protocol 0x97). Current maintainer: Brandon Heller ([emailprotected] edu). December 2, 2008. [2] Web caching and Zipf-like distributions: evidence and implications. Breslau, L. Pei Cao Li Fan Phillips, G. Shenker, S. Xerox Palo Alto Res. Center, CA. INFOCOM 1999. [3] Paxos Made Simple. Leslie Lamport [4] M. Al-Fares, A. Loukissas, and A. Vahdat. A Scalable, Commodity Data Center Network Architecture. ACM SIGCOMM, 2008. [5] C. E. Leiserson. Fat-trees: Universal networks for hardware-ef? cient supercomputing. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 1985. [6] T. Benson, A. Anand, A.Akella, and M. Zhang. Understanding Datacenter Traf? c Characteristics. SIGCOMM WREN workshop, 2009. [7] HOPPS, C. Analysis of an Equal-Cost Multi-Path Algorithm. RFC 2992, IETF, 2000. [8] W. J. Dally and B. Towles. Principles and Practices of Interconnection Networks. Morgan Kaufmann Publisher, 2004. [9] S. Kandu la, S. Sengupta, A. Greenberg, P. Patel and R. Chaiken. The Nature of Data Center Traf? c: Measurements Analysis. ACM IMC 2009. [10] N. McKeown, T. Anderson, H. Balakrishnan, G. Parulkar, L. Peterson, J. Rexford, S. Shenker, and J. Turner. OpenFlow: Enabling Innovation in Campus Networks.ACM SIGCOMM CCR, 2008. [11] R. N. Mysore, A. Pamporis, N. Farrington, N. Huang, P. Miri, S. Radhakrishnan, V. Subramanya, and A. Vahdat. PortLand: A Scalable, Fault-Tolerant Layer 2 Data Center Network Fabric. ACM SIGCOMM, 2009. [12] Beacon OpenFlow Controller https://OpenFlow. stanford. edu/display/Beacon/Home. [13] B. Lantz, B. Heller, and N. McKeown. A Network in a Laptop: Rapid Prototyping for Software-De? nded Networks. ACM SIGCOMM, 2010. [14] Y. Zhang, H. Kameda, S. L. Hung. Comparison of dynamic and static load-balancing strategies in heterogeneous distributed systems.Computers and Digital Techniques, IEE, 1997. [15] OpenFlow Switch Speci? cation, Version 1. 0. 0. OpenFlow. org/documents/Op enFlow-spec-v1. 0. 0. pdf. [16] N. Handigol, S. Seetharaman, M. Flajslik, N. McKeown, and R. Johari. Plug-n-Serve: Load-balancing web traf? c using OpenFlow. ACM SIGCOMM Demo, 2009. [17] R. Wang, D. Butnariu, J. Rexford. OpenFlow-Based Server Load Balancing Gone Wild. Hot ICE, 2011. [18] M. Koerner, O. Kao. Multiple service load-balancing with OpenFlow. IEEE HPSR, 2012. Figure 2: Load-Balancer block diagram architecture using OpenFlow switch and NOX controller.

Follow This Word Order for the Best French Sentences

Follow This Word Order for the Best French Sentences The order of words in a French sentence can be confusing, especially if you have, as we do, dual-verb constructions, object and adverbial pronouns, and negative structures. Here, were going to take a look at all of these and suggest the best positioning of words so that you dont end up with French sentences that make no sense. Dual-Verb Constructions Dual-verb constructions consist of a conjugated  semi-auxiliary verb, such as  pouvoir and  devoir  (called  modal verbs  in English),  vouloir,  aller,  espà ©rer, and  promettre, followed by a second verb in the infinitive. The two verbs may or may not be joined by a preposition.   Dual-verb constructions have a slightly different word order than compound verbs tenses. Word order is important because, if you get it wrong, the sentence will read like nonsense in French. Object and Reflexive Pronouns Object and reflexive pronouns are usually  placed between the two verbs and after the preposition(if any) that follows the conjugated verb. Adverbial pronouns are always placed in this position. Je dois me les brosser.   I need to brush them.Je vais te le donner. Im going to give it to you. Nous espà ©rons y aller. We hope to go there. Je promets de le manger. I promise to eat it.Il continuera ten parler.   Hell continue to talk to you about it. Sometimes the object pronoun should precede the first verb. In order to determine this, think about which verb is being modified. Why? Because in French, the object pronoun must go in front of the verb it modifies.  The wrong place may give you a grammatically incorrect sentence or may even change the meaning of the sentence. Consider the examples in this chart. Correct Pronoun Placement X Il aide nous travailler. X Hes helping work us. Il nous aide travailler. Hes helping us work. X Elle invite me venir. X Shes inviting to come me. Elle minvite venir. Shes inviting me to come. X Je promets de te manger. X I promise to eat you. Je te promets de manger. I promise you that Ill eat. Je promets de le manger. I promise that Ill eat it. Je te promets de le manger. I promise you that Ill eat it. Negative Constructions Negative structures surround the conjugated verb and precede the preposition (if any). Correct Negative Structure Placement Je ne vais pas tudier. Im not going to study. Nous nesprons jamais voyager. We never hope to travel. Je ne promets que de travailler. I only promise to work. Il ne continue pas lire. Hes not continuing to read. Pronouns Plus Negative Construction In a sentence with both pronouns and a negative structure, the order is: ne   object pronoun (if applicable) conjugated verb part two of negative structure preposition (if any) object pronoun(s) adverbial pronoun(s) infinitive Correct Placement of Pronouns and Negative Structures Je ne vais jamais te le donner. Im never going to give it to you. Nous nesprons pas y aller. We dont hope to go there. Il ne continue pas y travailler. He isnt continuing to work there. Je ne promets pas de le manger. I dont promise to eat it. Je ne te promets pas de le manger. I dont promise you that Ill eat it. Je ne te promets pas dy aller. I dont promise you that Ill go there.

Ethnography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Ethnography - Essay Example On the other hand, other scholars assert that some cultural studies have theorized about the significance of ethnography to an understanding of media and cultural practices. They continue arguing that they have reached an almost paralyzing position in which the political and epistemological debates concerning the function of the researcher have restricted rather than endorsing the production of ethnographic media studies. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to study the strengths and limits of ethnography as a methodology for the study of media institutions with reference to specific ethnographic studies conducted by other researchers (Coman & Rothenbuhler 2005, p.141). Additionally, the research about audiences in media emphasizes on methodological pluralism through examining a sequence of approaches ranging from media ethnography, research on the reception of media, surveying the audience, and carrying out experiments on audience studies. The cultural understanding of ethnogr aphy Ethnographic studies can twirl predetermined ideas and misapprehension regarding a specific culture into positive conceptions, likewise, they can also lend trustworthiness to other elucidation from studies regarding a specific culture that have been done in the ancient times. Additionally, ethnographies can grant people a better comprehension and approach into their own culture, but the ethnographic study of a culture consumes a lot of time. For instance, before an anthropologist submerges in a culture's natural environment, he has to be familiar with the language along with the respective culture of that community. Culture is important for society and individual since the routine activities are based on the simple unwritten rules of participation in social interactions, therefore, ethnographers require proper investigation and research, and may take a long period making it very dangerous for an anthropologist who does not quickly comprehend a culture's traditions and forbidden practices. In addition to that, an anthropologist has to acquire time and obtain the confidence and respect of a culture's people, as well as seeking an okay to carry out an ethnographic research before proceeding (Coman & Rothenbuhler, 2005, p.141). The strengths of ethnography The benefit to employing ethnography to fit into the audience studies relies on its likelihood to offer both a domestic and a communal environment of television reception among the diverse groups in the society (Murchison 2013, p.204). Ethnography facilitates a comprehension of the manner in which the reception framework can influence the interpretation of the message by viewers, individually and in groups, conversely, it also permit the inspecting of the phenomena not only in its immediate social, political, and economic situation, but also in a bigger chronological structure. Moores argue that the media industries should provide audiences with a stable â€Å"stream† of figurative equipment to help audiences understand and approach their logic of self. These pictures and

CHOOSING A DELIVERY CARE MODEL AND STAFFING PATTERN Essay

CHOOSING A DELIVERY CARE MODEL AND STAFFING PATTERN - Essay Example ealth care delivery is usually determined by a number of factors ranging from issues of economics to the beliefs of the organization leaders and even the power and ability to select and retain staffs.in addition, effectiveness of the care models in terms of offering quality and patient safety would also play a big role in decision making process. Ideally there are a number of care models that dominates the organization of the inpatient care nursing for example: functional and team care nursing which is a model that is task-oriented and it mainly rely on the usage of registered nurses (RNs) to provide the healthcare services (Nafarrate, Fowler, & Wu, 2009). Following the fact that this care model uses a mix of only licenced nursing personnel, it the most appropriate for the patients that are suffering from chronic diseases. This care model also does not exclusively pertains to only the organization of the nursing care or the inpatient setting but also take care of the examination of t he medical house staffs, social works and even pharmacy services. It is considered mainly for the ambulatory healthcare services, home care health services and nursing homes for the staffs (Towill & Christopher, 2005). This care model also work with the specific populations of the patients like the elderly patients and those patients that are under chronic health care conditions through the use of the disease management models that incorporates technology in its operations. Irrespective of the interest of the varied needs of the health care models, it is not very easy to discern the effective performance of the models. Both the traditional and non-traditional care units have been adversely affected by the limited number of the working staffs and even the essential health care resources (Noon, Hankins, Cote, & Lieb, 2003). To evaluate the effectiveness of the care models and to ensure that the patients return home with proper ability to do their daily activities when they are physically

Biological Warfare Essay -- War Weapons Essays

Biological Warfare I believe that biological warfare should not be option in war because it is expensive, it could cause a major death toll, and could cause major contamination to anything that is left over after biological weapons are used. Others believe that biological warfare should be an option because it is quick and kills off a lot of area all at once and may be more potent than the most lethal chemical warfare agents. At a time in history when such unique situations are effecting our government, our nation, our foreign policy, and our world, it is important that we, as a nation do all that we can to aide in the dramatic diplomatic decisions that pertain to the welfare of this great nation. Throughout history, America has prevailed in numerous battles, hardships, depressions, and complicated policies that have in all conclusions made her powerful, yet vulnerable at the same time. With the growing effect that the potentiality of war on one or even two fronts has on the citizens of our country, it is detrimental that we continue to keep everyone involved in this shaping situation. One increasingly terrifying mechanism that terrorist cells, among others, have access to use against a state like us is biological warfare. The continuous education, preparation, and prevention of biological weapons are a key factor in defending The United States of America, and the world from the devastation that thes e weapons of mass destruction may cause. As once popularly stated by an ancient scholar, â€Å"Knowledge is Power†. This catch phrase can be applied to nearly every aspect of human life, including even our government, and nation. The educated feel informed, and involved in the matters of the government, and it is therefor... ...arfare. Next it could cause a massive death toll and possibly kill of the whole nation or the whole world. Finally, biological warfare could cause contamination to any of the remains after an attack and this contamination would sooner or later kill off any of these remains. Resources Pearson, G. International Security Information Service. Deliberate Disease: Why Biological Warfare is a Real Concern. Retrieved April 1, 2003, fromhttp://www.isis-europe.org/isiseu/english/no6.html Dobbs, L. (2002). The economy is the target. U.S. News and World Report, 40. Retrieved April 3, 2003, from Academic Search Premier Database. Dudley, P. and Woodford, Michael (2002). Bioweapons, Biodiversity, and Ecocide: Potential Effects of Biological Weapons on Biological Diversity. Bioscience, 582. Retrieved April 3, 2003, from Academic Search Premier Database.

Reflection Paper on Anthem (by Ayn Rand)

University of the Philippines Diliman Extension Program in Pampanga Clark Freeport Zone, Angeles City, Pampanga Reflection Paper Anthem by: Ayn Rand Jemima Micah T. Sadsad 2012-20252 BS Business Management Submitted to: Sir Aoux Santos It’s a sin to not write this. For finishing this will allow me to acquire one fourth of my grade on the most-anticipated subject—A subject that is hard, yet easy; A subject able to be both loved and despised; A subject whose aim is to know thy self, yet, when thoroughly studied, you would end up losing what you think is yours.This subject I am babbling about is not just a subject; It is the subject: Philosophy. ~ Well, at first look, this is how I comprehended the novella â€Å"Anthem†. Simple message relayed through tough words, when really that’s not the point of it. Anthem is about a boy who was born with the curse of knowing things more superior than most of his society—a society that does not accept progress unle ss approved by everyone. This boy then meets a girl with qualities like her, and later falls in love with her. Even though their society forbids a love like theirs, they didn’t mind and kept it a secret.He tried to help their society through his discoveries, though ended up escaping it, and trying to create a new one of his own. It has a typical story line with a dystopian theme. Aside from that there’s nothing really more from it. Or is there? *** *** Having read the book again (while trying hard to read between the lines; picking up every lesson I could make use of), I have reflected on a few new things which I did not find during my first read. I have reflected on individuals present in the story and how they relate to me, the society howed in â€Å"Anthem† and how it could be reflected to my country, and my general motion and conclusion on what the story is all about. One very prominent element that I could reflect on are the main characters in the story. Th e main characters present in the story are Equality 7-2521 and Liberty 5-3000. Equality 7-2521 (also known as â€Å"The Unconquered† or â€Å"Prometheus†) – The main character is a brave, curious, strong, and intelligent street sweeper who thinks of himself as cursed. He knows that he is cursed, yet knows not how to resist it. He believes in individualism and rejects the collectivist society around him.Learning was too easy for him because of his quick head. He asks too many questions that his teachers forbade him from asking. â€Å"He only wishes to know. Equality 7-2521 represents the superiority of a singular intellect to the homogeneity of the masses, who cannot think for themselves—the society of shapeless people who are indistinguishable from one another. At first read, I thought to myself, he (Equality) is too self-centered, thinking that he is far superior than his society, and that his only flaw is the society’s disapproval of him.Also, I don’t like how he came up with his conclusion of his ego being the center of his universe (though, I’m not saying that the conclusion is wrong). It’s just so unthinkable how without knowing what the word â€Å"I† really means, he suddenly knows what it is and how to use it. On the other hand, I like how his curiosity always gets the better of him. I like how he is eager to know and discover things even though he knows that it is forbidden to do so. I love how Equality 7-2521 takes risks to justify his thirst of knowing more.These character traits of Equality 702521 made me reflect more on the adventures of learning, rather than the concept of individualism. I like how his quest full of myriad mischief turned out to be an amazing discovery of the light bulb (which for me symbolizes progress and/or change). I love how he soon realizes that his learning is not really for the society, but rather for him and him alone. One thing I also admire about Equality 7 -2521 is his love for Liberty 5-3000, that even though it is forbidden, they still chose to continue their love. Selfish indeed, but selfishness is not always a bad thing.Another main character on the book that I have reflected on is Liberty 5-3000 (also known as â€Å"The Golden One† or â€Å"Gaea†) – This character is a peasant that has eyes with no signs of fear in it, whom Equality 7-25521 falls in love with. She is Beautiful, proud, and strong like Equality 7-2521. She loves Equality 7-2521 because he is different from everyone around him. And Equality 7-2521 loves her back for the same reason. For me, Liberty 5-3000 is a little bit too submissive. Her mix of independent pride and devoted submission to Equality 7-2521 seems contradictory.Prometheus’ universe may have his own ego as its center, but for Liberty 5-3000? I don’t think so. Liberty 5-3000’s character is a perfect counter-example of Ayn Rand’s main thought of: â€Å"I is my god†. Gaea is more of a: â€Å"Equality 7-2521 is my god†. (Liberty 5300 to Equality 7-2521: â€Å"Your will be done†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). Although I hate how she submits herself too much to Equality 7-2521, I like her for standing out of the crowd. I like how fierce she can be trying to put what she loves first before what others dictate her to. I also like her show of courage by following the one she loves even though it might place her in great danger.However, I think the author somehow just took a shot of presenting a true epitome of a perfect woman with great courage and confidence, but only with the weakness of her beloved. Unfortunately, Ayn Rand failed trying, for instead she just created a weak and submissive leading lady. Gaea apparently became just an object of Prometheus’ with no say on things at all. These two main characters made me reflect on how not all people are alike (which was the point of the whole story: Individualism). Not everyone is as s trong or as smart as Prometheus. Neither are they all of beauty and devotion as Liberty 5-3000.The story also made me reflect on the concept of solitude, and how not all people find happiness in solitude. In fact, even in the story itself, Equality 7-2521 is not alone, for he finds happiness in the presence of Liberty 5-3000. Absolute solitude is inconceivable. Different people have different purposes. They might find their purposes with others, or they might find their purposes of for themselves alone. And even if they find their purposes for themselves, still, it will influence their society, because one cannot live without another. No man is an island.As for me, I find happiness in having loved ones beside me; I’m not saying that I let them think for me though. I am currently a conformist and non-conformist. I am a conformist in that I conform to my God and with His teachings. A non-conformist in that, like Liberty, I submit myself to my beliefs and resist things of its op posite (although at times, they may overlap with each other). I conform to my God, and so try not to conform to the world. I conform to my government, yet reject on them trying to take over me. I succumb to, yet I resist. Also, I could consider myself to have hints of Equality 7-2521 in my personality.I love learning as much as I love taking risks. I remember the story of my 4 yr old self. My mom used to tell this story every time she remembers it and every single time we would laugh at it. So here’s how it goes: It was an ordinary day, we were travelling by a car. My mom was driving and her sister (my aunt) was in the front seat. I, my 2 sisters, and my cousin were at the back seat. I was the closest to the door handle, and that was when the inner curiosity of me sparked! â€Å"Now, what is this thing for? † and voila, I was playing with the car door handle and suddenly I found myself rolling on the ground of an uphill highway.While the action was happening, my mom an d aunt were also caught in an intense activity: Gossiping. Yup, they were there chit-chatting while I was outside, rip rolling. Since my two sisters and my cousin saw my fall, they panicked and then started shouting, â€Å"Ma! Si Ima, nahulog! †, but since my mom’s activity was more interesting than mine, they had to shut the kids up, â€Å"Kids, quiet! †. Then my sisters started crying. That’s when my mom and aunt started to notice my absence. And at last, they panicked too. They went chasing for me, trying to save me from the rushing cars. But wait!They forgot to turn on the brakes! Oh no, our car is sliding down the hill! What to do? Oh my— ~ Well, I’m here now so you know I was saved. It was a very long day, indeed. One day my mom would never ever forget. But hey, I learned. (I now know what that ‘thing’ is for! And I now know when to and when not to use those car locks, thank you. ) Anyway, I find myself having a little bit of Equality 7-2521 also because I often find pride in things I know I have done well in. Passing the UPCAT is one of the perfect examples. Having my family congratulate me, I find pride in myself.I know that I have done well, and I know that I could do more, and so the learning continues. Moving on from the main characters, another prominent concept in the novella was the society. The society presented on Anthem is so wrong. The people there are under so much fear and are dehumanized. Their society promotes absolute collectivism where they are all one and one is all. They accept few, if not none at all, changes. Everyone is of equal importance as everyone. Freedom of speech is cut off. Men can’t speak to women, they were not able to show their emotions to them, and they can’t even have houses of their own!Though it could be classified as a utopian society on other perspectives, description from Equality 7-2521 made it totally a dystopian society. â€Å"We are nothing . Mankind is all. By the grace of our brothers are we allowed our lives. We exist through, by, and for our brothers who are the state. Amen. † –Palace of the World Council Their society reminded me of how North Korea is today. Although I may not know what their actual situation is at the moment, description from the media around the world truly rings the bell. It brings fear deep down my bones.Society of no social stratification, no freedom of speech, everything and nothing is owned by everyone and no one. A society completely isolated from the rest of the world, North Korea could well focus on itself and not worry on how other countries are doing, and since they focus on themselves, no one would be left starving, everybody will be of equal rights with everyone. I think this is what North Korea claims itself to be though I’m pretty sure ‘country without social stratification’ is pretty far from what they are now. The government and society in Anthem also made me think of the government and the society of our own country.As for the Philippines, I don’t think the concept of Anthem’s society might be applicable because of the fact that freedom of speech is already presented and is of practice today in the Philippines. Also, the presence of a free and nationwide media in our country made it more liberal than that of Anthem’s. The fact that Philippines is a democracy, too, can be of great evidence that our country is not with the like of that of Anthem’s. Everyone of the right mind is free to vote and free to speak. Take this reflection paper for example; I have every right to say what I want to, though I know I would suffer the consequences of my actions.Everyone is allowed to think otherwise. Everyone has the right to choose for themselves what their â€Å"rights† and â€Å"wrongs† are. Men are allowed to merry another and have kids of their own. Families are able to build houses they can live in and start a new life. Filipinos, along with other people of other countries, could study whenever they want to and work whenever as long as time and money permits. They have the free will of choosing their school, acquiring their jobs, and retiring after they do. Everyone is allowed to choose their religion. Everyone is allowed to love without being asked why.Chickens could cross the street without their motives being questioned. However, I may not completely forget the fact that, somehow, there might be some resemblances from Anthem’s society with the Philippines’. â€Å"The Home of the Useless†, â€Å"The Palace of Corrective Detention†, â€Å"The Palace of Mating†, â€Å"The Home of the Students†Ã¢â‚¬â€ All of which symbolizes branches of our system, though might be different in intensity than Anthem’s. Also, the home of the scholars could be of comparison with our senate system. We could be compared to them in terms of pr ogress and how slow our system could be.Although I know that we are still on the verge of growing and improving more, I have not lost my hopes for the Philippines. As for whether or not this society is possible on earth in the future, I don’t think so. I don’t think such absolute collectivism/communism is possible to be achieved. I believe that in achieving this society, first we’ll be in need of restarting; restarting everything from Adam and Eve. No one should know anything. Every book must be burned and every data on the internet must be erased. The whole world should go back to zero, or else absolute collectivism (like with the story Anthem) would be inconceivable. ———————————————— ————————————————- Anthem, in general, taught me how colle ctivism could be of destruction to a society. I reflected on few things about concepts such as collectivism, individualism, finding your true self, and finding your true purpose. I have made use of my new learnings about these things, and I know that would use them at one point in my life where I could be searching for answers on whether or not, why or why nots. These concepts could be of new references that I know I could consider whenever I am learning. ———————————————— ————————————————- I have a general feel of gloom and depression through-out the story. With how Equality 7-2521 dictates his society to us, I felt sorry for him and also for the society. In a nutshell, I liked the story. I enjoyed it and have reflected a lot of things from it. Although, what I d id not like about the book was not the story but the author’s philosophy itself. By the end of the novella, Equality 7-2521 and Liberty 5-3000 have run away from their society to discover their own truth and start a new society of their own.This truth leads to self-worshipping and calling themselves gods, and further stating that they have no obligation to other men. I have to strongly disagree with this idea. I am sorry to say Ayn Rand started with a great idea of individualism and ended in a train wreck of selfish isolation. *I would like to recommend this book to anyone who would want to reflect and re-evaluate their existences on certain aspects. This book presented a different outlook of the concept â€Å"I†, which you could reflect on greatly. Though, I’m not saying that this is the best book possible, it is still worth the read.

The Long Term Health Consequences Of Deprived Prenatal...

The long-term health consequences of deprived prenatal nutrition are a significant concern on a global scale. Nutrition, as an environmental factor, plays an important role in stimulating alterations in various epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation and histone modifications. Specific dietary stressors can create epigenetic variations to the present lifetime but also to successive generations. Epidemiological and experimental studies highlight the association between adult health and early-life maternal nutritional stressors such as under-nutrition, malnutrition and over-nutrition. Gestational maternal nutrition is a critical intrauterine factor which changes offspring epigenome. Numerous animal and human model studies reveal that†¦show more content†¦Pregnant mothers require greater energy inputs and when these requirements are sufficient because of poor diets, long-term diseases in offspring develop (Langley-Evans, 2006). Fetal developmental periods are critical to h uman life as a majority of the epigenetic programming events take place during this time. Maternal under-nutrition during critical periods (fetal programming) is an important predictor of obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes (Lakshmy, 2013). The underlying â€Å"fetal programming† hypothesis indicates that during critical periods of fetal development, changes in the prenatal environment cause the differential expression of genes affecting offspring phenotype later on (Lakshmy, 2013).The Barker’s Early Origins Hypothesis states that unfavourable fetal growth and poor nutrition may contribute to and increases risk of chronic disease because under-nutrition in prenatal environments alters the fetuses’ body structure, physiology and metabolism (Vaiserman, 2014). This concept is present in current North American populations with the growing obesity epidemic due to excessive carbohydrate and sugar intake during gestation. Understanding the epig enetic modulation of maternal nutrition on offspring health is essential as chronic disease rates are increasing in most of the developing and industrialized nations. The knowledge accumulated through understanding this phenomenon may be important to