Mmse in Nursing free essay sample

A smaller than expected mental state assessment (MMSE) otherwise called the Folstein test is a concise 30-point survey test that is utilized to screen for psychological debilitation in a patient. It’s use I ordinarily in medication to screen for the nearness of dementia. For this situation I utilized it to assess the seriousness of intellectual hindrance at a given point in time and to follow the course of subjective changes in a person after some time. Capacities surveyed are normally number juggling, memory and direction (Changsu Han, 2008). I surveyed Mrs. Pandey’s condition of psychological disability utilizing the smaller than normal mental state assessment. Mrs. Pandey is a youngster experiencing numerous sclerosis. Now we accept that she has a typical psychological state and it was demonstrated right by the smaller than expected mental state assessment. After my appraisal I found that the MMSE was anything but difficult to act such that the sort of inquiries to deliver where given to me as of now, fixation was nowon compelling communicaion with Mrs. We will compose a custom exposition test on Mmse in Nursing or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Pandey and creating trust in her to respond to the inquiries as well as could be expected. To certain people it is hard to pose a portion of the inquiries , a model was the one inquiry were I needed to pose to the patient to check in reverse from 100 by 7. This was on the grounds that the patient could think that its hard to comprehend what is required by the inquiry or interprete in an alternate manner, which can influence the exactness in deciding the patient’s condition of subjective debilitation. A portion of the inquiries sounded somewhat senseless which might disturb the patient particularly when they have a typical subjective state (McMurray, A. 2005). This I thought could make mental melancholy the patient since they may feel they could be so senseless enough not to address a portion of the inquiries accurately. The preferred position in this assessment could be that no answer isn't right; it is only a method of evaluating their condition of psychological appraisal. Correspondence was very little an issue. An issue could be misconception the point or the motivation behind the assessment; I did my best I think to clarify the reason for the test. I truly didn't have to reword the majority of the inquiries since Mrs. Pandey is of an English talking foundation in this way I simply expected to state it for what it's worth. I don't think, however, that my inquiry could assist me with making a clear inference since individuals commit error regardless of whether their comprehension is typical because of tension and apprehension subsequently it is hard to make an exact determination (Galea, M. Woodward, M. 2005 ) (McMurray, A. 2005). Regarding the video, I was somewhat baffled since I was not talking uproarious enough so a portion of the things I said couldn't be heard in the video. all things considered I figure I worked superbly in speaking with the patuent, I had a significant open stance to the patient and the patient to analyst situating was flawless in that it gave the patient a condition of predominance

Psychological Theories in Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Mental Theories in Education - Essay Example Lately, the emphasis has been on making a socialization procedure which helps the amateur instructors in comprehension and applying general experiences identifying with educating and learning. In this manner, it tends to be seen that different hypothetical methodologies and practices were proposed by a few mental scholars throughout the entire existence of instruction. In the twentieth century, one most unmistakable specialist in formative brain science has been Jean Piaget (1896-1980) who was for the most part intrigued by the natural impacts on how individuals come to know or learn and viewed himself as a hereditary epistemologist. He is one of the most critical instruction scholars who has managed the intellectual just as constructivist procedures of learning and contributed vigorously to the different parts of training through his noteworthy hypotheses. The Piagetian hypothesis of subjective turn of events and constructivist learning hypothesis have both had a critical effect in the field of training. Jean Piaget is the focal benefactor of Cognitive constructivism which is for the most part dependent on his work. The two significant parts of his hypothesis are the way toward coming to know and the stages one travels through as one slowly obtains the capacity to know. In an examination of Piag... to the physical and mental improvements is of huge incentive for people to make due in any sort of condition and this procedure of adjustment joins both absorption and settlement. As indicated by Piaget, each individual holds mental structures. It is through digestion of outside occasions, and transformation of these occasions to suit one's psychological structures that one picks up the capacity to adjust to the physical and mental upgrades. Moreover, understand that the psychological structures themselves hotel to new, bizarre, and every now and again changing parts of the external condition. The second standard of Piaget, named as association, is worried about the idea of the versatile mental structures which he clarified through the primary guideline. As indicated by Piaget, the association of the psyche is in diverse and coordinated manners. It is imperative to comprehend the hypotheses of Piaget according to the psychological advancement of the kid. Piaget's hypothesis has two s ignificant parts: an ages and stages segment that predicts what kids can and can't comprehend at various ages, and a hypothesis of advancement that depicts how kids create intellectual capacities. (Cognitive Constructivist Theories). Piaget's hypothesis of subjective improvement is the significant establishment for intellectual constructivist ways to deal with educating and learning. As indicated by his hypothesis of advancement, people can't be 'given' data which they quickly comprehend and use, however rather, they should 'build' their own insight. They assemble their insight through experience which encourages them to make diagrams which can be comprehended as mental models. Through the complimentary procedures of absorption and settlement, these patterns are changed, engorged, and made progressively modern.

Warren

Warren Warren. 1 City (1990 pop. 144,864), Macomb co., SE Mich., a suburb of Detroit ; est. 1837, inc. as a city 1957. It is an important metalworking center where steel is processed. There is tool and die making and the production of automobile parts, although the auto industry has suffered since the late 1970s. Warren's vast Detroit Arsenal, which made military vehicles, closed in 1996. The U.S. Army TACOM Life Cycle Management Command is headquartered in Warren, and the large General Motors Technical Center is also there. 2 City (1990 pop. 50,793), seat of Trumbull co., NE Ohio, in the fertile Mahoning valley; settled 1799, inc. as a city 1905. An early coal center, Warren's industries have greatly diversified. Steel, metal-forming machinery, electrical equipment, lamps, and automobile and truck parts are the principal manufactures. The Trumbull campus of Kent State Univ. is in the city. 3 Borough (1990 pop. 11,122), seat of Warren co., NE Pa., on the Allegheny River; laid out c.1795, inc. 1832. An early lumbering center, Warren is in wooded country near oil and natural gas reserves. There is agriculture (grain, livestock, and dairying), food processing, and the manufacture of metal and plastic products, transportation and electronic equipment, and machinery. The headquarters of Allegheny National Forest are there. Nearby are Edinboro Univ. of Pennsylvania and a Native American reservation. 4 Town (1990 pop. 11,385), Bristol co., E R.I., a suburb of Providence on the Kickemuit River and Narragansett Bay; established as an English trading post in 1632, inc. 1747. An early whaling, shipbuilding, and textile center, it is now an industrial and resort town. Manufactures include automobile equipment, clothing, plastics, and luggage. Many fine old houses and churches survive. Warren was transferred from Massachusetts to Rhode Island in 1746. Brown Univ. was first chartered there (1764) as Rhode Island College. During the American Revolution, Warren was b urned (1778) by the British. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

Narcissuss Facebook Profile Essay - 1187 Words

In Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man, Marshall McLluhan uses the Greek myth of Narcissus as a metaphor for our inability to notice the gradual societal changes engendered by new extensions of ourselves. McLuhan writes that because â€Å"the content of any medium is always another medium† (McLuhan 8), we tend to focus on the obvious, not that the message of that medium, the â€Å"social consequences... [that]...result from the new scale that is introduced into our affairs by each extension of ourselves† (McLuhan 7). An example he uses is that the content of a novel is print, and so we focus on the plot, not the effect of the novel on society. This syndrome he terms the â€Å"Narcissus trance,† a pseudo-hypnotic state induced by using technology†¦show more content†¦An extension allows us to perform an action more frequently or process more information, meaning the stress that motivated the extension still exists. This stress â€Å"is bearable by the nervous system only through numbness or blocking of perception† – the Narcissus trance whereby we behold the extension but not its message. In McLuhan’s reading of the myth, â€Å"the image produces a generalized numbness or shock that declines recognition. Self-amputation forbids self-recognition† (McLuhan 43). This lack of self-recognition must in-turn prohibit an objective appraisal of what has been amputated. And it is the long-term effect of these amputations that is the true message of the medium – â€Å"the power of imposing its own assumption on the unwary† (McLuhan 15). That is, once in a state of perpetual somnambulism, we re-shape our lives according to the demands of the very media we create to increase our capacities. New extensions will be shaped by previous extensions in that they will further amplify the isolated functions. Each time we behold a new extension, we embrace it, and each time we autoamputate part of ourselves, our central nervous systems responds with numbness, to localize remove â€Å"the offending organ† (McLuhan 43). â€Å"It is this continuous embrace o f our own technology, in daily use† McLuhan writes, â€Å"that puts us in the Narcissus role† and prohibits us from seeing how any new extension is a

Essay about Paine and Burke - 1644 Words

HOW FAR DO POLITICAL PHILOSOPHIES OF EITHER HOBBES AND LOCKE OR PAINE AND BURKE DIFFER. This essay will examine the philosophical difference between Edmund Burke and Thomas Paine relating to the French and American Revolutions at the late Eighteenth Century. We are going to present a summary of the debate between these two different philosophers in the first part of this essay. The pros and cons of each man will be looked at in the second and third part of the essay and the final part of this essay will explain why Thomas Paines view was more accepted and legitimate in America than Edmund Burke. In summary this essay will compare and contrast both Paine and Burke views of natural rights, human nature and the government. Burke and†¦show more content†¦Burke also argued against natural rights and explained a custom and practice that develops relation between the government and people. Paine believed in equality and criticised the monarch being chosen by the hereditary succession and by the choice of the people. He wanted the British Constitution to be written because he saw it as not right, and it was brought in during the Glorious Revolution in 1688. According to Burke, there is no natural right for people to choose their governors thus this right is just to degrade the state and bring it lower. Burke did not believe in democracy in any shape or form and saw human rights as being given to you traditionally. For Burke there is no such a thing like equality because some people will always be on the top and others in the bottom and any attempt to change will result in revolution like what happened in France. He argued against the rising ignorance among the people and the importance of education and the tradition being kept. Paine being an egalitarian disagreed with Burke once again, because he saw social contract as consent between the people rather than government and emphasised on non-educated not necessarily stupid as Burke saw them. They have views and being educated will help them do better. Paine believed in ordinary people being given a chance to play political role in society. In addition he believed in the Rights of Man for everybody and everyone have should have the rightShow MoreRelatedThomas Paine vs. Edmund Burke Essay854 Words   |  4 Pagesof their political views. Thomas Paine took the side of the French, opposing his own country, because he believed in a system where people can govern themselves. Edmund Burke took the side of the English because he was supporting his country and believed in a system where there needs to be a higher power to keep people in their place. Thomas Paine was a radical in the way he thought and believed in a total reform of the way people were living at that time. Burke was a Conservative and believed thatRead MoreThe View Of Human Nature : Thomas Paine And Edmund Burke930 Words   |  4 Pagesconstantly being used in the European Middle Ages to describe the view of human nature for Thomas Paine and Edmund Burke. Although both authors have differing views of what it means to be free and equal, they also show differences in their attitude against the type of government within society. With so many differences of opinions between these authors it seems as if there is not much common ground. For Thomas Paine, his ideas center on the fact of every man being equal, God would not want his followers toRead MoreEdmund Burke and Thomas Paine: A Comparative Analysis of Their Views on the French Revolution913 Words   |  4 PagesEdmund Burke and Thomas Paine differed strongly on their views of the French revolution and the wisdom of the proceedings of the French National Assembly in 1789-90. In his book Reflections on the Revolution in France t he conservative Edmund Burke argued that the concept of universal human rights that applied internationally across all societies was a meaningless abstraction that was subversive of social order, while in The Rights of Man the radical democrat Thomas Paine insisted that all human beingsRead More Edmund Burke and Thomas Paines Views on the French Revolution645 Words   |  3 PagesEdmund Burke and Thomas Paines Views on the French Revolution Edmund Burke and Thomas Paine were two of the several strongly-opinionated individuals writing back-and-forth in response to what the others were saying about the French Revolution. Burke, a critic, writes first. Paine, a supporter, responds. In the excerpt from Reflections on the Revolution in France, Burke argues in favor of King Louis XVI and his wife, Marie Antoinette. When Marie was murdered, Burke says, â€Å"As aRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1336 Words   |  6 Pagesincluding that of Queen Marie Antoinette and her husband King Louis XVI, it was also a time of great political turmoil which would turn man against man that being the case of Edmond Burke and Thomas Paine. Edmond Burke a traditionalist who believed the people should be loyal to the king against his former friend, Thomas Paine a free thinker who believed in order for things to improve one has to have some sort of change. In a time where it seemed as though things changed over-night the only question isRead MoreThe French Revolution By Edmund Burke Essay1538 Words   |  7 Pageskilling of thousands of people, were actually necessary. The outcome of the French Revolution did not immediately bring about the destruction of the monarc hy and financial prosperity amongst the lower class. Renown critic of the Revolution, Edmund Burke, discusses his distaste for the manners in how the French people violently handled the circumstances they were in through his writing of Reflections on the French Revolution. Contrary to the beliefs of those more conservative, the country’s rewardsRead MoreThomas Paine : Towards An Independent Nation1718 Words   |  7 PagesThomas Paine: Towards an Independent Nation Thomas Paine is most known for his influence in the freedom loving American colonies. With his excellent use of rhetoric and his charisma, he quickly began to gain followers. In his writings, such as Common Sense, The Rights of Man, and The Age of Reason, he used these skills to call the Americans to action. Thomas Paine influenced American society and literature with his argumentative pamphlets and influential writings which inspired AmericansRead MoreThe Man Of The Modern Conservatism889 Words   |  4 Pages Burke, the father of the modern conservatism, is well known for his criticism, or contempt of the French Revolution; assuming so, it is not hard to doubt that he in fact sympathized with the American cause. If he is the true father of the conservatism, then the reader may be surprised to hear that he sided with the colonists; however, his decision makes a sense if we acknowledge that Burke regarded the American Revolution as a revolution that is not too far apart from that o f the Glorious RevolutionRead MorePoverty And Poverty1081 Words   |  5 Pagesthis type of dispute is the French Revolution. The French Revolution sparked country across Europe and the world, giving rise to the formation of new political opinion of the poor. Famous authors and politicians during the time, like Thomas Paine and Edmund Burke, sparked an emergence of differing opinions from those commonly held prior to the revolution on the topics of human nature’s impact on poverty and original sin. In today’s day and age, this difference of opinion is still prevalent within mainstreamRead MoreComplications Of The French Revolution1364 Words   |  6 Pagesmonarchy all together. Even Edmund Burke, who became one of the strongest adversaries to the Revolution said I shall Rejoice in seeing such a happy order establish’d in France as much as I do in my consciousness that an order of the same kind, †¦ has been long settled, and I hope on a firm foundation in England. However, this only lasted for a few months as his reservations about the Revolution grew with the increasing violence and radicalisation in France. Burke began to worry that the Revolutionary

The Vampire Diaries The Struggle Chapter Seven Free Essays

string(101) " can be any animal he likes, how will we ever recognize him\?† â€Å"Not any animal he likes\." â€Å"Next time,† Stefan said quietly, â€Å"I won’t leave.† Elena knew he meant it, and it terrified her. But just now her emotions were quietly coasting in neutral, and she didn’t want to argue. We will write a custom essay sample on The Vampire Diaries: The Struggle Chapter Seven or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"He was there,† she said. â€Å"Inside an ordinary house full of ordinary people, just as if he had every right to be. I wouldn’t have thought he would dare.† â€Å"Why not?† Stefan said briefly, bitterly. â€Å"I was there in a ordinary house full of ordinary people, just as if I had every right to be.† â€Å"I didn’t mean that the way it sounded. It’s just that the only other time I’ve seen him in public was at the Haunted House when he was wearing a mask and costume, and it was dark. Before that it was always somewhere deserted, like the gym that night I was there alone, or the graveyard†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She knew as soon as she said that last part that it was a mistake. She still hadn’t told Stefan about going to find Damon three days ago. In the driver’s seat, he stiffened. â€Å"Or the graveyard?† â€Å"Yes†¦ I meant that day Bonnie and Meredith and I got chased out. I’m assuming it must have been Damon who chased us. And the place was deserted except for the three of us.† Why was she lying to him? Because, a small voice in her head answered grimly, otherwise he might snap. Knowing what Damon had said to her, what he had promised was in store, might be all that was needed to send Stefan over the edge. Then he’ll never know, she promised herself. No matter what I have to do, I’ll keep them from fighting each other over me. No matter what. For a moment, apprehension chilled her. Five hundred years ago, Katherine had tried to keep them from fighting, and had succeeded only in forcing them into a death match. Butshe wouldn’t make the same mistake, Elena told herself fiercely. Katherine’s methods had been stupid and childish. Who else but a stupid child would kill herself in the hope that the two rivals for her hand would become friends? It had been the worst mistake of the whole sorry affair. Because of it, the rivalry between Stefan and Damon had turned into implacable hatred. And what’s more, Stefan had lived with the guilt of it ever since; he blamed himself for Katherine’s stupidity and weakness. Groping for another subject, she said, â€Å"Do you think someone invited him in?† â€Å"Obviously, since hewas in.† â€Å"Then it’s true about – people like you. You have to be invited in. But Damon got into the gym without an invitation.† â€Å"That’s because the gym isn’t a dwelling place for the living. That’s the one criterion. It doesn’t matter if it’s a house or a tent or an apartment above a store. If living humans eat and sleep there, we need to be invited inside.† â€Å"But I didn’t invite you intomy house.† â€Å"Yes, you did. That first night, when I drove you home, you pushed the door open and nodded to me. It doesn’t have to be a verbal invitation. If the intent is there, that’s enough. And the person inviting you doesn’t have to be someone who actually lives in the house. Any human will do.† Elena was thinking. â€Å"What about a houseboat?† â€Å"Same thing. Although running water can be a barrier in itself. For some of us, it’s almost impossible to cross.† Elena had a sudden vision of herself and Meredith and Bonnie racing for Wickery Bridge. Because somehow she had known that if they got to the other side of the river they’d be safe from whatever was after them. â€Å"Sothat’s why,† she whispered. It still didn’t explain how she’d known, though. It was as if the knowledge had been put into her head from some outside source. Then she realized something else. â€Å"You took me across the bridge. You can cross running water.† â€Å"That’s because I’m weak.† It was said flatly, with no emotion behind it. â€Å"It’s ironic, but the stronger your Powers are, the more you’re affected by certain limitations. The more you belong to the dark, the more the rules of the dark bind you.† Stefan looked at her. â€Å"Yes,† he said, â€Å"I think it’s time you knew. The more you know about Damon, the more chance you’ll have of protecting yourself.† Of protecting herself? Perhaps Stefan knew more than she thought. But as he turned the car onto a side street and parked, she just said, â€Å"Okay. Should I be stocking up on garlic?† He laughed. â€Å"Only if you want to be unpopular. There are certain plants, though, that might help you. Like vervain. That’s an herb that’s supposed to protect you against bewitchment, and it can keep your mind clear even if someone is using Powers against you. People used to wear it around their necks. Bonnie would love it; it was sacred to the Druids.† â€Å"Vervain,† said Elena, tasting the unfamiliar word. â€Å"What else?† â€Å"Strong light, or direct sunlight, can be very painful. You’ll notice the weather’s changed.† â€Å"I’ve noticed,† said Elena after a beat. â€Å"You mean Damon’s doing that?† â€Å"He must be. It takes enormous power to control the elements, but it makes it easy for him to travel in daylight. As long as he keeps it cloudy, he doesn’t even need to protect his eyes.† â€Å"And neither do you,† Elena said. â€Å"What about – well, crosses and things?† â€Å"No effect,† said Stefan. â€Å"Except that if the person holding onebelieves it’s a protection, it can strengthen their will to resist tremendously.† â€Å"Uh†¦ silver bullets?† Stefan laughed again shortly. â€Å"That’s for werewolves. From what I’ve heard they don’t like silver in any form. A wooden stake through the heart is still the approved method for my kind. There are other ways that are more or less effective, though: burning, beheading, driving nails through the temples. Or, best of all – â€Å" â€Å"Stefan!† The lonely, bitter smile on his face dismayed her. â€Å"What about changing into animals?† she said. â€Å"Before, you said that with enough Power you could do that. If Damon can be any animal he likes, how will we ever recognize him?† â€Å"Not any animal he likes. He’s limited to one animal, or at the most two. Even with his Powers I don’t think he could sustain any more than that.† â€Å"So we keep looking out for a crow.† â€Å"Right. You may be able to tell if he’s around, too, by looking at regular animals. They usually don’t react very well to us; they sense that we’re hunters.† â€Å"Yangtze kept barking at that crow. It was as if he knew there was something wrong about it,† Elena remembered. â€Å"Ah†¦ Stefan,† she added in a changed tone as a new thought struck her, â€Å"what about mirrors? I don’t remember ever seeing you in one.† There was nothing to do but hold on to him, and Elena did. â€Å"I love you,† she whispered. It was the only comfort she could give him. It was all they had. His arms tightened around her; his face was buried in her hair. â€Å"You’re the mirror,† he whispered back. It was good to feel him relax, tension flowing out of his body as warmth and comfort flowed in. She was comforted, too, a sense of peace infusing her, surrounding her. It was so good that she forgot to ask him what he meant until they were at her front door, saying good-bye. â€Å"I’m the mirror?† she said then, looking up at him. â€Å"You’ve stolen my soul,† he said. â€Å"Lock the door behind you, and don’t open it again tonight.† Then he was gone. â€Å"Elena, thank heavens,† said Aunt Judith. When Elena stared at her, she added, â€Å"Bonnie called from the party. She said you’d left unexpectedly, and when you didn’t come home I was worried.† â€Å"Stefan and I went for a ride.† Elena didn’t like the expression on her aunt’s face when she said that. â€Å"Is there a problem?† â€Å"No, no. It’s just†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Aunt Judith didn’t seem to know how to finish her sentence. â€Å"Elena, I wonder if it might be a good idea to†¦ not see quite so much of Stefan.† Elena went still. â€Å"You, too?† â€Å"It isn’t that I believe the gossip,† Aunt Judith assured her. â€Å"But, for your own sake, it might be best to get a little distance from him, to – â€Å" â€Å"To dump him? To abandon him because people are spreading rumors about him? To keep myself away from the mudslinging in case any of it sticks on me?† Anger was a welcome release, and the words crowded in Elena’s throat, all trying to get out at once. â€Å"No, Idon’t think that’s a good idea, Aunt Judith. And if it were Robert we were talking about, you wouldn’t either. Or maybe you would!† â€Å"Elena, I will not have you speaking to me in that tone – â€Å" â€Å"I’m finished anyway!† Elena cried, and whirled blindly for the stairs. She managed to keep the tears back until she was in her own room with the door locked. Then she threw herself on the bed and sobbed. She dragged herself up a while later to call Bonnie. Bonnie was excited and voluble. What on earth did Elena mean, had anything unusual happened after she and Stefan left? The unusual thing was their leaving! No, that new guy Damon hadn’t said anything about Stefan afterward; he’d just hung around for a while and then disappeared. No, Bonnie hadn’t seen if he left with anybody. Why? Was Elena jealous? Yes, Elena immediately deduced that Alaric Saltzman’s eyes were hazel. She got off the phone at last and only then remembered the note she’d found in her purse. She should have asked Bonnie if anyone had gone near her purse while she was in the dining room. But then, Bonnie and Meredith had been in the dining room part of the time themselves. Someone might have done it then. The very sight of the violet paper made her taste tin at the back of her mouth. She could hardly bear to look at it. But now that she was alone shehad to unfold it and read it again, all the time hoping that somehow this time the words might be different, that she might have been mistaken before. But they weren’t different. The sharp, clean block letters stood out against the pale background as if they were ten feet high. I want to touch him. More than any boy I’ve ever known. And I know he wants it, too, but he’s holding back on me. Her words. From her diary. The one that had been stolen. The next day Meredith and Bonnie rang her doorbell. â€Å"Stefan called me last night,† said Meredith. â€Å"He said he wanted to make sure you weren’t walking to school alone. He’s not going to be at school today, so he asked if Bonnie and I could come over and walk with you. â€Å"Escort you,† said Bonnie, who was clearly in a good mood. â€Å"Chaperone you. I think it’s terribly sweet of him to be so protective.† â€Å"He’s probably an Aquarius, too,† said Meredith. â€Å"Come on, Elena, before I kill her to shut her up about Alaric.† Elena walked in silence, wondering what Stefan was doing that kept him from school. She felt vulnerable and exposed today, as if her skin were on inside out. One of those days when she was ready to cry at the drop of a hat. On the office bulletin board was tacked a piece of violet paper. She should have known. Shehad known somewhere deep inside. The thief wasn’t satisfied with letting her know her private words had been read. He was showing her they could be made public. She ripped the note off the board and crumpled it, but not before she glimpsed the words. In one glance they were seared onto her brain. I feel as if someone has hurt him terribly in the past and he’s never gotten over it. But I also think there’s something he’s afraid of, some secret he’s afraid I’ll find out. â€Å"Elena, what is that? What’s the matter? Elena, come back here!† â€Å"Okay,† said Meredith loudly, â€Å"senior privilege. You!† She rapped on the only closed door. â€Å"Come out.† Some rustling, then a bewildered freshman emerged. â€Å"But I didn’t even – â€Å" â€Å"Out. Outside,† Bonnie ordered. â€Å"Andyou ,† she said to the girl washing her hands, â€Å"stand out there and make sure nobody comes in.† â€Å"But why? What are you – â€Å" â€Å"Move, chick. If anybody comes through that door we’re holding you responsible.† When the door was closed again, they rounded on Elena. â€Å"Okay, this is a stickup,† said Meredith. â€Å"Come on, Elena, give.† Elena ripped the last tiny shred of paper, caught between laughter and tears. She wanted to tell them everything, but she couldn’t. She settled for telling them about the diary. They were as angry, as indignant, as she was. â€Å"It had to be someone at the party,† Meredith said at last, once they had each expressed their opinion of the thief’s character, morals, and probable destination in the afterlife. â€Å"But anybody there could have done it. I don’t remember anyone in particular going near your purse, but that room was wall-to-wall people, and it could have happened without my noticing.† â€Å"But why would anyonewant to do this?† Bonnie put in. â€Å"Unless†¦ Elena, the night we found Stefan you were hinting around at some things. You said you thought you knew who the killer was.† â€Å"I don’t think I know; Iknow. But if you’re wondering if this might be connected, I’m not sure. I suppose it could be. The same person might have done it.† Bonnie was horrified. â€Å"But that means the killer is a student at this school!† When Elena shook her head, she went on. â€Å"The only people at that party who weren’t students were that new guy and Alaric.† Her expression changed. â€Å"Alaric didn’t kill Mr. Tanner! He wasn’t even in Fell’s Church then.† â€Å"I know. Alaric didn’t do it.† She’d gone too far to stop now; Bonnie and Meredith already knew too much. â€Å"Damon did.† â€Å"That guy was thekiller ? The guy thatkissed me?† â€Å"Bonnie, calm down.† As always, other people’s hysteria made Elena feel more in control. â€Å"Yes, he’s the killer, and we all three have to be on guard against him. That’s why I’m telling you. Never, never ask him into your house.† Elena stopped, regarding the faces of her friends. They were staring at her, and for a moment she had the sickening feeling that they didn’t believe her. That they were going to question her sanity. â€Å"Yes. I’m sure. He’s the murderer and the one who put Stefan in the well, and he might be after one of us next. And I don’t know if there’s any way to stop him.† â€Å"Well, then,† said Meredith, lifting her eyebrows. â€Å"No wonder you and Stefan were in such a hurry to leave the party.† Caroline gave Elena a vicious smirk as Elena walked into the cafeteria. But Elena was almost beyond noticing. One thing she noticed right away, though. Vickie Bennett was there. Vickie hadn’t been to school since the night Matt and Bonnie and Meredith had found her wandering on the road, raving about mist and eyes and something terrible in the graveyard. The doctors who checked her afterward said there was nothing much wrong with her physically, but she still hadn’t returned to Robert E. Lee. People whispered about psychologists and the drug treatments they were trying. She didn’t look crazy, though, Elena thought. She looked pale and subdued and sort of crumpled into her clothing. And when Elena passed her and she looked up, her eyes were like a startled fawn’s. It was strange to sit at a half-empty table with only Bonnie and Meredith for company. Usually people were crowding to get seats around the three of them. â€Å"We didn’t finish talking this morning,† Meredith said. â€Å"Get something to eat, and then we’ll figure out what to do about those notes.† â€Å"I’m not hungry,† said Elena flatly. â€Å"And whatcan we do? If it’s Damon, there’s no way we can stop him. Trust me, it’s not a matter for the police. That’s why I haven’t told them he’s the killer. There isn’t any proof, and besides, they would never†¦ Bonnie, you’re not listening.† â€Å"Sorry,† said Bonnie, who was staring past Elena’s left ear. â€Å"But something weird is going on up there.† Elena turned. Vickie Bennett was standing at the front of the cafeteria, but she no longer seemed crumpled and subdued. She was looking around the room in a sly and assessing manner, smiling. â€Å"Well, she doesn’t look normal, but I wouldn’t say she was beingweird , exactly,† Meredith said. Then she added, â€Å"Wait a minute.† Vickie was unbuttoning her cardigan. But it was theway she was doing it – with deliberate little flicks of her fingers, all the while looking around with that secretive smile – that was odd. When the last button was undone, she took the sweater daintily between forefinger and thumb and slid it down over first one arm and then the other. She dropped the sweater on the floor. â€Å"Weird is the word,† confirmed Meredith. Students crossing in front of Vickie with laden trays glanced at her curiously and then looked back over their shoulders when they had passed. They didn’t actually stop walking, though, until she took off her She did it gracefully, catching the heel of one pump on the toe of the other and pushing it off. Then she kicked off the second pump. â€Å"She can’t keep going,† murmured Bonnie, as Vickie’s fingers moved to the simulated pearl buttons on her white silk blouse. Heads were turning; people were poking one another and gesturing. Around Vickie a small group had gathered, standing far enough back that they didn’t interfere with everyone else’s view. The white silk blouse rippled off, fluttering like a wounded ghost to the floor. Vickie was wearing a lacy off-white slip underneath. There was no longer any sound in the cafeteria except the sibilance of whispers. No one was eating. The group around Vickie had gotten larger. Vickie smiled demurely and began to unfasten clasps at her waist. Her pleated skirt fell to the floor. She stepped out of it and pushed it to one side with her foot. Somebody stood up at the back of the cafeteria and chanted, â€Å"Take itoff! Take itoff!† Other voices joined in. â€Å"Isn’t anybody going to stop her?† fumed Bonnie. Elena got up. The last time she’d gone near Vickie the other girl had screamed and struck out at her. But now, as she got close, Vickie gave her the smile of a conspirator. Her lips moved, but Elena couldn’t make out what she was saying over the chanting. â€Å"Come on, Vickie. Let’s go,† she said. Vickie’s light brown hair tossed and she plucked at the strap of her slip. Elena stooped to pick up the cardigan and wrap it around the girl’s slender shou lders. As she did, as she touched Vickie, those half-closed eyes opened wide like a startled fawn’s again. Vickie stared about her wildly, as if she’d just been awakened from a dream. She looked down at herself and her expression turned to disbelief. Pulling the cardigan around her more tightly, she backed away, shivering. The room was quiet again. â€Å"It’s okay,† said Elena soothingly. â€Å"Come on.† At the sound of her voice, Vickie jumped as if touched by a live wire. She stared at Elena, and then she exploded into action. â€Å"You’re one of them! I saw you! You’re evil!† She turned and ran barefoot out of the cafeteria, leaving Elena stunned. How to cite The Vampire Diaries: The Struggle Chapter Seven, Essay examples

The Historiographical Essay Criteria june18 (3) Essays -

The Historiographical Essay: G uidelines and Requirements A historiographical essay is one in which the essayist analyzes works of history in terms of their intent, success, and failure as works of history according to accepted disciplinary criteria. For the purposes of my courses, I have adapted five criteria long used by a scholarly journal in its instructions to those who reviewed new books for that journal. These are the criteria which you must understand and use for success in this part of your coursework: 1. The author's purpose: what did the work's author intend and how successful was the author in fulfilling that intention? If your assignment calls for reviewing several authors , all working on one subject, how useful was the author's work in terms of the subject? If your assignment calls for reviewing two or more authors, each working on a different subject, how useful was the author's work in terms of that particular subject? 2. The author's sources: did the author make good use of adequate sources? To support your conclusion in this regard, please list the types of sources the author used (such a list might be as follows: a broad range of secondary sources, correspondence, periodical accounts from the time, memoirs of participants, contemporary government reports). The issue of an adequate source has to do with sources which make sense in terms of what the historian is arguing; if, for example, s/he is writing about the intentions of policymakers or of slaves, s/he should have correspondence from those policymakers or memoirs or oral history or police records reflecting the ideas of the slaves. We want the historian to have gotten as close to the events and participants as the available evidence will allow. That is why we tend to prefer primary sources to secondary sources. Generally, a primary source is one close to the reality at issue, such as contemporary official documents, publications, and (official or private) correspondence, or eye-witness or participant accounts. Generally, a secondary source is an analysis and/or narrative based on primary sources, such as a study written after the events took place by a non-participant, such as a scholarly monograph or articl e. For example, what you will be reading as you do your work on this paper are secondary sources. 3. The author's bias: did the author's inevitable prejudices clearly distort the account and analysis, or did the author successfully present a reasonably balanced work of scholarship? This is a controversial area in academic circles today, because few believe objectivity is possible. However, most practicing historians believe it is important to approximate objectivity through a dispassionate, reasoned argument and analysis based on primary-source evidence and a careful sifting of secondary sources. We tend to criticize colleagues who fail in this regard. Bias might be thought of in two different forms: bias by omission (in which the historian through poor research fails to examine all the evidence relevant to the issue) and bias by commission (in which the historian attempts to sway the reader by presenting evidence which only supports his/her position, or by presenting evidence from various points of view but in a way which favors his/her position, or, again, by reaching conc lusions based on his/her position without regard to evidence to the contrary). Often, a poor historian will mingle the two kinds of bias . Many historians believe that a historian who makes his/her personal position obvious but nonetheless clearly tries to present the evidence in a balanced fashion cannot be said to have failed; others continue to maintain that the tone and presentation of the historian should suggest a dispassionate, non-partisan approach. Your task is to decide if you can detect one or more biases on the part of the historian and if the bias in question has undermined the credibility of the historian's work. This task is the critical one. If you cannot determine a bias, you must at least state as much, so that it is clear that you reviewed the author's work with this in mind. 4. The author's contribution . If you are reviewing a number of works on the same subject, d oes the work you are discussing provide readers with something important and